Planning: FIRE-PLAN: Merging diverse knowledge systems to advance restoration of fire-dependent forests in the Great Lakes region

火是反映自然系统与文化系统融合的重要过程。北美五大湖地区的火灾活动在19世纪晚期突然减少，这可以从该地区基于树木年轮的火灾伤痕网络中看出。由此产生的生态变化在Bapakwanegemag-红松（Pinus resinosa）森林中尤为明显-红松是几代Anishinaabe人的重要树种，也是主要的木材资源。红松依赖于反复发生的地表火灾，为其在景观上的再生和持久性创造了必要的条件。经过一个世纪的火灾排除，自然红松再生变得罕见，森林密度增加，高严重火灾风险急剧增加。了解这些变化背后的驱动因素至关重要，这需要广泛和多样化的专业知识和知识。该项目在火灾生态学家、消防从业者和土著知识从业者之间建立了必要的关系和合作，以促进对土著消防管理实践的理解。红松林的火灾恢复将是促进未来多样化和弹性生态和文化景观的关键过程。将在大湖上游地区举办讲习班，以建立一个框架，将传统生态知识、树木年轮火灾历史数据和机械建模方法结合起来，更好地了解火灾在塑造殖民前森林景观方面的历史作用，同时建立照顾适应火灾系统的能力。讲习班的目标是：1)连接州和部落学院的教师、讲师和工作人员，为土著火灾科学学位课程奠定基础，这将加强火灾科学和管理方面的培训和能力；2)培养整个大湖地区的火灾从业人员网络，以促进可持续和多样化的景观；3)将多种类型的知识结合起来，帮助恢复和维护红松生态系统。该项目由美国国家科学基金会的地球科学领导力发展机会（GOLDEN）项目共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Fire is an important process that reflects the integration of natural and cultural systems. Fire activity in the Great Lakes Region of North America abruptly declined in the late 1800s, as seen in a network of tree-ring-based fire scars from the region. The resulting ecological changes are particularly evident in forests of Bapakwanegemag- red pine (Pinus resinosa)- an important tree species for generations of Anishinaabe peoples and a major timber resource. Red pine is dependent on recurring surface fires to create the necessary conditions for its regeneration and persistence on the landscape. After a century of fire exclusion, natural red pine regeneration has become rare, forest density has increased, and high-severity fire risk has increased dramatically. It is critical to understand the drivers behind these changes, which requires an expansive and diverse array of expertise and knowledge. This project establishes the necessary relationships and collaborations among fire ecologists, fire practitioners, and Indigenous knowledge practitioners to advance understanding of Indigenous fire stewardship practices. Fire restoration to red pine forests will be a key process for promoting the diverse and resilient ecological and cultural landscapes of the future. Workshops will be held across the upper Great Lakes Region to establish a framework to bring Traditional Ecological Knowledge, tree-ring fire history data, and mechanistic modeling approaches together to better understand the historical role of fire in shaping pre-colonization forest landscapes while building capacity to care for fire-adapted systems. The goals of the workshops are to: 1) connect faculty, instructors, and staff at state and tribal colleges to lay the foundation for an Indigenous Fire Science degree program that will enhance training and capacity in fire science and stewardship, 2) cultivate a network of fire practitioners across the Great Lakes Region to promote sustainable and diverse landscapes, and 3) weave together multiple types of knowledge to help restore and maintain red pine ecosystems.This project was co-funded by NSF’s Geoscience Opportunities for Leadership Development (GOLDEN) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.