The effect of group size and composition on the dynamics of group- and individual-level symbiont and pathogen communities in a long-term wild chimpanzee cohort

研究野生灵长类动物如何受到微生物的影响，无论这些微生物是否与利益（微生物组，噬菌体组）或成本（寄生虫组，病毒组）相关，都是具有挑战性的，因为只有在长期数据，群落大小和组成的变化以及纵向收集的样本可用时才能研究轻微的影响。在这里，我们建议利用一组独特的行为数据和样本收集的野生西部黑猩猩在泰森林在过去的15年来解决生态进化动力学或微生物群落和黑猩猩社会结构的相互作用。我们将特别关注组大小变化的可能影响，从而为SOHAPI II项目8（Calvignac-Spencer，丹尼尔和鲁什）中进行的跨物种比较提供非常好的补充信息。此外，我们还将利用一组充分表征的席卷该社区的爆发来表征之前和之后的微生物群落组成变化。最后，我们还将能够在群体水平微生物群落组成和社会结构的背景下评估个体轨迹。对于所有问题，我们将同时描述病原体和共生体的多样性。

Examining how wild primates are influenced by microorganisms, no matter if those associated with benefits (microbiome, phageome) or costs (parasitome, virome), is challenging since the mild effects can only be studied when long term data, variability in community size and composition and according longitudinally collected samples are available. Here we propose to take advantage of a unique set of behavioral data and samples collected from wild Western chimpanzees in the Tai forest over the last 15 years to address the eco evolutionary dynamics or interplay of microbe communities and chimpanzee social structures. We will in particular focus on the possible impact of group size variation, thereby providing very nice complementary information to the across species comparison performed in the SOHAPI II project 8 (Calvignac-Spencer, Daniel and Roos). In addition we will also leverage a well characterized set of outbreaks that swept this community to characterize prior and subsequent microbe community composition variation. Finally, we will also be in the position to assess individual trajectories in the context of group level microbe community composition and social structure. For all questions, we will simultaneously characterize the diversity of pathogens and symbionts.