Work, Colonial Racism, Anti-Semitism: Historical Relations

该研究项目从当前关于殖民主义和国家社会主义可比性的争论入手，探讨殖民种族主义和反犹太主义之间的关系。据推测，殖民和反犹太主义对“自我”和“他者”的定义，除其他外，都是基于“工作”的主题。因此，我将把重点放在工作(或勤奋、懒惰、利己主义)和归属感之间构成特定一致性的归因。这项研究的任务是展示这些归因是如何相互干扰的，尽管我们也将讨论所讨论的知识构成之间的差异。本研究项目将主要集中在讲德语的作者身上。它被设计成一种历时分析，从1800年左右开始，到1933年国家社会主义夺取政权结束。对工作、自我和他人之间关系的殖民和反犹太主义塑造的重建是本研究的核心。以下假设为依据：当被殖民者处于所谓的“工作前”的(自然)状态时，犹太人与据称的破坏性活动有关，这可以被描述为“反工作”。这两种归因都符合这样一种观点，即几个世纪以来出现了一种特定的基督教/白人/雅利安人的工作伦理，这是一种纪律程序的结果，这种工作伦理的特点是勤奋和公共利益，因此包含了普遍更高的价值。在殖民地时代，这种工作伦理起到了某种出口热潮的作用：将被殖民者提升到工作岗位并通过工作实现这一目标，几乎是每一个殖民计划的重要组成部分。反过来，反犹太主义呼吁保护这种工作伦理，使其免受“反工作”的影响。这项研究项目将区分这些有问题的职业伦理表述。同时，它将展示这一点以及这些表述是如何相互参照的。在这方面，我的目的是勾勒出一种结合了不同的内部和外部机制的研究视角。这也意味着努力克服种族主义研究和反犹太主义研究之间的学科界限。在方法论方面，研究项目的方向是交叉方法和历史话语分析。因此，我的前提是，不同形式的社会不平等往往在经验上相互关联。我还假定，确立了不平等的断言的特定历史形态，指的是知识和权力之间的相互作用，以及可以说和想的东西的相应界限。

Starting from current debates about the comparability of colonialism and National Socialism the research project deals with the relations between colonial racism and anti-Semitism. It is assumed that both, colonial and anti-Semitic definitions of 'the Self' and 'the Other' were based among other things on the topos of 'work'. Therefore, I will focus on attributions that constituted a specific coherence between work (or diligence, laziness, self-interest) and belonging. The task is to demonstrate how these attributions interfered mutually although the differences between the formations of knowledge in question will be addressed, too.This research project will concentrate mainly on German speaking authors. It is designed as a diachronic analysis starting around 1800 and ending with the National Socialist seizure of power in 1933. The reconstruction of colonial and anti-Semitic shapings of the relations between work, self and other is central to this study. The following hypothesis is taken as a basis: While the colonized were situated in a (natural) state so to speak 'before work', Jews were associated with allegedly destructive activities, which can be described as 'anti-work'. Both attributions corresponded with the idea that a specific Christian/white/Aryan work ethics had emerged throughout the centuries as a result of a process of disciplining, and that this work ethics is characterized through diligence and public interest and therefore contains a general higher value. In the colonial setting this work ethics functioned as some kind of export hit: To 'raise the colonized to and through work' was an essential part of almost every colonial program. In turn, anti-Semitism called for the protection of this work ethics against the effects of 'anti-work'.This research project will differentiate between these articulations of work ethics in question. Simultaneously, it will show that and how these articulations referred to each other. In this respect my aim is to outline a research perspective that combines the diverse mechanisms of in- and exclusion. This is also meant as an effort to overcome the disciplinary boundaries between research in racism on the one hand and anti-Semitism on the other hand.In methodological terms the research project is orientated on the intersectional approach as well as on the historical discourse analysis. Accordingly, I emanate from the premise that different forms of social inequality are often linked to each other empirically. I also presuppose that specific historical formations of assertions, in which inequality was established, refer to the interactions between knowledge and power and to the corresponding boundaries of the limits of what can be said and thought.