The Commercial Jurisdiction of Nuremberg. Early Modern Merchant’s Legal Opinions, Legal Practices and their contribution to the development of the Normativity of Commercial Law

纽伦堡商事管辖权的档案收集迄今在法律史方面基本上没有得到研究，应就其所谓的parere进行评估。总而言之，对这些非程序性或源于法律程序的法律意见进行实证分析，将有助于理解商业和法律的前现代历史。特别是，对于德国国内法和被采纳的罗马法之间的关系，将获得新的见解，以便找到“现代适用法”的核心问题之一的答案。特别是商业纠纷，由于其基本的主要法规和习惯做法，例如在实际适用理论法学的程度方面，通常适合于将其与以前的调查结果区分开来。法律意见可以说明法律概念，特别是习惯法概念如何以及在何种程度上得到平等的执行、发展和传播。自19世纪以来，研究就要求对所谓的Parere进行系统的检查，因为这些专家意见在所有相关的欧洲贸易中心之间流传，是理解近代早期在许多贸易中心建立的特殊商业管辖权的基础。此外，要调查的问题是，地方司法作为一个整体是否通过《巴黎协定》的国家意义而解放了自己。最后，法律史家对“重案法”的讨论也将获得新的动力。需要澄清的是，超越细节的商法是否产生于《巴黎商法》，因为一方面，这些法律意见主要是由商人为商人起草的，另一方面，这些法律意见也可能是在它们适用的具体案件之外的类似案件的决定中被征求的。

The file collection of the commercial jurisdiction of Nuremberg, so far largely unresearched in terms of legal history, shall be evaluated with regard to its so called parere. All in all, the empirical analysis of those Legal opinions, furnished non-procedural or arised from legal proceedings, shall contribute to the understanding of pre-modern history of commerce and law. In particular, new insights into the relationship between domestic German law and adopted Roman law shall be gained in order to find answers to one of the central problems of usus modernus. Especially commercial disputes are generally suited to distinguish themselves from the previous findings due to their underlying primarily statutory regulations and customary practices, for example with respect to the question to what extent theoretical jurisprudence was actually applied.Legal opinions can inform about how and to what extent legal concepts, especially customary ones, were equally implemented, developed and spread. A systematic examination of the so-called Parere has been requested in research since the 19th century, because these expert opinions circulated among all relevant European trade centres and are fundamental for understanding the special commercial jurisdiction established in many trade centres in early modern times.Furthermore, the question is to be investigated whether the local jurisdiction as a whole emancipated itself through the national significance of the Parere. Finally, the discussion on a lex mercatoria by legal historians shall also gain new impetus. It is to be clarified whether a commercial law beyond particulars emerged from the Parere, because the legal opinions had on the one hand primarily been drawn up by merchants for merchants, and on the other hand they were presumably also consulted for decisions on similar cases beyond the concrete case to which they applied.