Istanbul Heritage - Valuable and Dispensable. The Ethics of Urban Renewal and Heritage Protection, from 1910 to the Gezi Protests of 2013

关于伊斯坦布尔是或应该是什么样的城市——伊斯兰、传统、东方、第三世界大都市、（后）殖民或甚至全球——的争论已经持续了很长时间。在上个世纪，这是城市政治中的一个重要问题，特别是在遗产政策和国家历史建设中。遗产政策将建筑物指定为需要保护的遗产或可有可无的遗产。“伊斯坦布尔遗产-宝贵和不可或缺”项目调查了关于城市建筑和历史建筑环境使用的道德谈判。这些谈判具有一个核心的伦理特征，因为定义什么是宝贵的遗产，什么是可有可无的意味着每个公民都有义务。因此，它超越了道德规范。这个项目对研究小组的贡献是深入讨论历史、遗产政策和（社会或集体）记忆对城市伦理的重要性。这个研究项目探讨了建筑环境和历史例子的元素如何与社会行动者联系在一起，从而成为创造“好”和“正确”生活伦理的工具。因此，关于城市遗产的谈判不仅涉及城市应该具有什么特征的问题，还涉及谁应该在城市中生活以及如何生活的问题。在1910年至2013年的伊斯坦布尔事件中，这个被提议的道德角色始终是一个“现代”主题。为了这个主题，城市必须以“现代”的方式塑造；另一方面，他/她必须证明自己配得上这种现代性。然而，在这个现代性项目的框架中，历史和对其建筑遗迹的保护始终扮演着决定性的角色——尽管这听起来有些矛盾。现代城市和现代公民需要意识到他们的“根源”，尊重他们，并通过遗产保护来保护他们。就伊斯坦布尔而言，现代公民与其历史遗产之间的关系已经构成并将继续构成一个争论的问题。现代公民对自己的遗产负有责任，然而，他或她该如何在众多的过去之间做出选择呢？将在伊斯坦布尔的城市空间进行五个案例研究，并将使用历史话语分析，以理解关于遗产的冲突作为伦理谈判。总而言之，他们关注的是所涉及的行动者、遗产话语随时间的变化，以及过去十年城市伦理的潜在繁荣。

The debate about what kind of city Istanbul is or should be ¿ Islamic, traditional, oriental, a thirdworld metropolis, (post-)colonial or even global ¿ has been going on for a long time. Throughout the last century, this was an important issue in urban politics in general and in heritage policy and the construction of national history in particular. Heritage policy designates buildings either as heritage to be protected or as dispensable. The project ¿Istanbul Heritage - Valuable and Dispensable¿ investigates the ethical negotiations about the use of the urban structures and historical built environment in the city. These negotiations have a central ethical trait because the definition of what constitutes valuable heritage and what is dispensable implies obligations for each citizen. Consequently, it exceeds moral prescriptions. The contribution of this project to the research group is to discuss in-depth the importance of history, heritage policy and (social or collective) memory for urban ethics. This research project investigates how elements of the built environment and historical examples are attached to social actors and thus become instrumental in creating an ethics of ¿good¿ and ¿correct¿ life. The negotiations about urban heritage, therefore, relate not only to the question of what character the city should have, but also to the issue of who should live in the city and how.In the case of Istanbul between 1910 and 2013, this proposed ethical actor is always a ¿modern¿ subject. For this subject the city has to be shaped in a ¿modern¿ way; on the other hand, s/he has to prove her/himself worthy of this modernity. In the framework of this project of modernity, however, the past and the protection of its built remains always played a decisive role ¿ as paradoxical as this may sound. The modern city and the modern citizen are required to be aware of their ¿roots,¿ to treat them with respect and to conserve them by means of heritage protection. In the case of Istanbul, the relationship between the modern citizen and her/his historical heritage has constituted and continues to constitute a matter of contention. The modern citizen assumes responsibility for her/his heritage ¿ however, how should he or she choose between the many pasts at hand? Five case studies in the urban space of Istanbul will be carried out and will use historical discourse analysis in order to understand the conflicts about heritage as ethical negotiations. Taken together, they focus on the actors involved, on changes over time in the heritage discourse and on a potential boom of urban ethics in the past decade.