From Latin to French: Compilation and analysis of a digital corpus of late Latin and old French texts

众所周知，历史-比较语言学的重建不能在最初的罗曼语文本和晚期拉丁语之间建立任何直接联系。通过比较罗曼语重建的“原始罗曼语”和通过书面记录传播的晚期拉丁语之间存在空白，这使得不可能直接和完全地从拉丁语中推导出罗曼语的结构。这不是一个时间上的差距，因为晚期拉丁语和罗曼语变体共存于古代晚期和中世纪早期的交流领域，而是一种功能上的分裂，源于（拉丁语）作为一种交际距离语言和（罗曼语）变体用于交际距离。该项目旨在通过详细研究从（晚期）拉丁语到古法语变体的演变来研究这种复杂的关系。拉丁语言学和罗曼语语言学的研究人员将致力于从两个各自的学科阐明两种语言系统之间的过渡。该项目由三个小组组成：(i)德国小组提供其在晚期拉丁语领域的语言专门知识。基于来自德国历史纪念碑馆藏的数字化文本，将与媒体信息学专家合作编写一个注释拉丁语语料库。此外，还将发展数字标记寄存器技术和基于数字的文本及其章节概念分析技术。里昂小组将进一步利用其建立古法语电子语料库的经验。研究人员将合并现有的古法语和新生的拉丁语语料库，并提供联合表示和并行查询选项。此外，该小组将编纂拉丁文本的古法语译本的双语语料库。里尔小组协调一个已成立的研究小组对双语语料库的分析，该小组由拉丁学家和古法语历史研究人员组成。该小组使用该项目提供的数据编写一本手册，介绍从晚期拉丁语到古法语的过渡。这样，所采用的分析和注释策略就可以根据其可用性和符合人体工程学的特点直接加以评价。

It is well known that the reconstructions of Historical-Comparative linguistics cannot establish any direct link between the first Romance texts and late Latin. There is a void between 'Proto-Romance', reconstructed through the comparison of the Romance languages, and late Latin, transmitted by written records, which makes it impossible to derive the Romance structures directly and completely from the Latin ones. It is not a chronological gap, because late Latin and the Romance varieties coexist in the common late antique and early medieval spheres of communication, but rather a functional division which stems from the complementarity of (Latin) as a language of communicative distance and (Romance) varieties employed for communicative proximity. The project in question seeks to investigate this complex relationship by examining in detail the evolution from (late) Latin to the varieties of old French. Researchers of both Latin and Romance linguistics will aim to shed light on the transition between the two language systems from the two respective disciplines. The project unites three teams:(i) The German team brings in its linguistic expertise in the field of late Latin. Based on digitised texts from the collections of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, an annotated Latin corpus will be compiled in collaboration with specialists from Media Informatics. Moreover, techniques of digital mark-up for registers and digitally based conceptual profiling of texts and their sections are to be developed.(ii) The Lyon team will further build on its experience in constructing electronic corpora of old French (Base de français médiéval). The researchers will merge the already existing old French and the nascent Latin corpus and provide a joint presentation and parallel query options. In addition, the team will be compiling a bilingual corpus of old French translations of Latin texts.(iii) The Lille team coordinates the analysis of this bilingual corpus by an already established research group, which brings together Latinists and researchers of the history of old French. This group uses the data supplied by the project for a handbook dealing with the transition from late Latin to old French. In so doing, the strategies of analysis and annotation pursued can be directly assessed in view of their usability and their ergonomic profile.