A History of Knowledge on Mountains and Woods. Transnational academic discourses and transfer practices, Germany and the U.S. (1850-1950)

利用网络分析模型和现代知识历史的基本方法，该项目分析了林业和矿业科学的出现以及社会和跨国分布和修改。1763年后，在德国经济危机的影响下，学术专业化的进程开始了。因此，现代林业和矿业科学作为新兴的科学学科得以建立。这两个学科都经历了快速的国际扩张：在“德国”的典范下，学校和学院相继成立——首先在欧洲，后来在美国——在那里教授和传播“利用”自然以及可持续发展的概念。然而，除了科学化和经济化之外，“自然”的作用及其对社会的意义也被讨论了（神圣的创造，浪漫的理想化）。与此相关的知识的创造和使用的多层次过程将在两个层面上进行研究：首先，将分析德语国家和北美之间的知识转移和修改。德国的大学应按学生、科学家的生平和学术交流过程进行考察。该项目将分析那些有意转移“德国”自然利用理念并付诸实践的个人和科学网络的影响。它会搜索修改和追溯效应。其次，学术性观念的安置不仅意味着形成了一个功能精英。更确切地说，职业化的冲突很可能发生在学术上合格的球员和实际活跃的球员之间。除了创造知识的过程之外，还可以描述关于这一知识的协商过程。在学术机构的文件和印刷资料的帮助下，以及通过对适当基础的分析，分析了交流过程。这项研究的结果将作为专著发表。

Using models of network analysis and basic approaches of the modern history of knowledge the project analyses the emergence as well as the social and transnational distribution and modification of the forestry and mining sciences. Dominated by the looming consequences of the economic crisis after 1763 in Germany, a process of academic professionalization began. As a result, the modern forestry and the mining science as new scientific disciplines were established. Both disciplines experienced rapid international expansion: Following the "German" paragons, schools and colleges were founded - first in Europe and later in the U.S. - where the "use" of nature as well as sustainability concepts were taught and disseminated. In addition to the scientification and economization however the role of "the nature" and its significance for the society were discussed (divine creation, romantic idealization). This multilayered process of creating and using knowledge associated herewith is intended to be studied at two levels: Firstly, the transfer and modification thereof between the German-speaking countries and North America will be analyzed. The German universities should be examined biographically (students, scientists) and by terms of academic exchange processes. The project will analyze the effect of those individuals and of scientific networks who deliberately transferred "German" ideas about the use of nature and who put them to use. And it will search for the modifications and the retroactive effects. Secondly, the placement of academic nature concepts meant not only the formation of a functional elite. Rather, it is probable that conflicts over professionalization took place between academically qualified and practically active players. Beside the process of creating knowledge the negotiation processes about this knowledge can be described. The exchange processes are analyzed with the help of files and printed sources from academic institutions, as well as through the analysis of appropriate foundations. The results of the study are to be published as a monograph.