Understanding the formation of the Milky Way disk

在接下来的十年里，大型银河系调查，尤其是最近发射的盖亚太空任务，将为多达10亿颗恒星提供精确的位置、恒星参数和运动学。这样一个观测数据库的精确度将大大超过我们对其他星系的了解，从而详细揭示银河系的结构、形成和演化。然而，为了能够分析和解释大量极其精确的即将到来的数据，我们需要大幅改进模型。在银河系恒星相空间中发现的子结构越来越复杂，需要复杂的数值模拟，其中磁盘不对称（例如，来自棒状，螺旋状和合并卫星的引力扰动）和非平衡过程被自一致地考虑在内。因为恒星会远离它们的诞生地（即径向迁移），所以在模型中加入化学信息对于恢复银河系的进化史至关重要。原因是恒星大气的化学成分在其整个生命周期中都被保存下来，这可以为我们提供恒星诞生的时间和地点的线索。我提出了一个程序，将开发银河盘模型解决上述所有问题。这项研究将由莱布尼茨研究所<s:1>天体物理学研究所（AIP）主持，AIP是盖亚后续设施4MOST的领导者，也是大多数主要星系调查（RAVE， SEGUE， APOGEE，盖亚- eso）的成员。我们将使用一种新技术为不同的银河系进化场景提供测试，该技术将能够追踪大量化学元素的复杂化学进化模型与最先进的宇宙模拟相结合。这个项目的最终目标是限制银河系的组装历史，充分利用目前可用的和即将到来的观测数据和我们的模型。

In the next decade large Milky Way surveys, most notably the recently launched Gaia space mission, will provide precise positions, stellar parameters and kinematics for up to 1 billion stars. Such an observational database will have the precision necessary to unravel the structure, formation and evolution of our Galaxy in detail, vastly surpassing our knowledge of other galaxies. However, to be able to analyze and interpret the large amounts of extremely precise forthcoming data, we need drastically improved models. The increasing complexity of substructure found in the phase-space of Milky Way stars calls for sophisticated numerical modeling, where disk asymmetries (e.g., gravitational perturbations from the bar, spirals, and merging satellites) and non-equilibrium processes are taken into account self-consistently. Because stars move away from their birthplaces (i.e., migrate radially), incorporating chemical information in the models is crucial for recovering the Milky Way evolutionary history. The reason for that is that the chemical composition of stellar atmospheres is preserved throughout their lifetimes, which can give us clues about when and where stars were born. I propose a program that will develop Galactic disk models addressing all of the above problems,. This research will be hosted by the Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik (AIP), a leader of the Gaia follow-up facility 4MOST and a member of most major Galactic surveys (RAVE, SEGUE, APOGEE, Gaia-ESO). We will provide tests for different Milky Way evolutionary scenarios by using a novel technique, which combines sophisticated chemical evolution models able to trace a large number of chemical elements with state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. The ultimate goal of this project is to constrain the Milky Way assembly history, taking full advantage of currently available and forthcoming observational data and our models.