Haskala in dialogue. Juda Jeitteles and Juda Leib ben Ze'eb as exegetes of the elightenment era

自2016年以来，德国研究基金会（German Research Foundation）一直在资助这个正在进行的项目，重点关注哈布斯堡帝国哈斯卡拉运动的两位核心代表：犹大·杰特莱斯（Juda Jeitteles, 1773-1838）和犹大·莱布·本·泽布（Juda Leib ben Ze’eb, 1764-1811）。在波茨坦大学（University of Potsdam）和Friedrich-Schiller-Universität耶拿博物馆（Jena），两位学者正在研究名为maskilim的训诂著作，maskilim是犹太启蒙运动的代表人物。Jeitteles出生在布拉格一个声名显赫的家庭，Ben Ze ' eb出生在克拉科夫附近，他们在基督教贵族安东·冯·施密德（Anton von Schmid）的维也纳印刷厂工作，两人走到了一起：这是冯·施密德的企业，两位学者的训诂著作都在这里出版。有了这些著作，两位学者以各自的方式进入了新的领域。1810年，本·泽布在受艾希霍恩的流行著作《旧约全书》的启发下，用希伯来语写作，并与赫尔德、洛斯和犹太文艺复兴学者阿扎利亚·德·罗西进行了对话，第一次对塔纳赫的书籍进行了犹太历史批判的介绍，称为《玛沃·el·米卡拉伊·古德什》（Mavo el Miqra 'e qodesh）。作为主要的编辑和重要的作者，Jeitteles基本上形成了一系列圣经书籍的评论，称为Kitve Qodesh（神圣的经文）。在这个系列中，按照摩西·门德尔松·比乌的思路，杰特莱斯试图在拉比传统和开明批评之间走一条中间路线。连同当时最近完成的德文译本和Jeitteles自己的语言学注释，他将圣经文本与重要的拉比参考文献同时呈现在一起。耶拿和波茨坦项目的目的是出版本·泽伊布的《马沃》的注释翻译，并出版一本专著，将他的解释学与他那个时代的思想史联系起来。同时，另一部专著将在维也纳印刷文化和冯·施密德出版社的编辑计划的背景下处理Jeitteles的巨著。自2016年以来，项目组在DFG资助的基础上取得的先前成就表明，在冯·施密德的印刷厂的背景下，开发了一种处理塔纳赫作品的特定方法，试图在传统和现代圣经方法之间进行调解。这种具体的“维也纳Haskalah”可以被视为迄今为止被忽视的犹太训诂形式，它构成了摩西门德尔松的解释学和后来的“Wissenschaft des Judentums”之间的重要中介联系。

The ongoing project that has been granted by the German Research Foundation since 2016 has its focus on two central, but merely forgotten representatives of the Haskalah movement in the Habsburg empire: Juda Jeitteles (1773–1838) and Juda Leib ben Ze’eb (1764–1811). At the University of Potsdam and at the Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, two scholars are doing research into the exegetical writings of the named maskilim, as the exponents of the Jewish enlightenment movement are called. Jeitteles, born into a highly reputable family in Prague and Ben Ze’eb, born near Cracow, are brought together through their employment with the Vienna printing house belonging to the Christian nobleman Anton von Schmid: It is von Schmid’s enterprise, where both scholars‘ exegetical writings are published. With these writings, both scholars enter new territory, each in his own way. In 1810, Ben Ze’eb presents, written in Hebrew, inspired by Eichhorn’s popular „Einleitung in das Alte Testament“, but also in dialogue with Herder, Lowth, and the Jewish renaissance scholar Azariah dei Rossi, the first Jewish historical-critical introduction to the books of the Tanakh, called Mavo el Miqra’e qodesh. Jeitteles, as the main editor and important author essentially shapes a series of commentaries on Biblical books, called Kitve Qodesh (sacred scriptures). in this series, shaped along the lines of Moses Mendelssohns Biur, Jeitteles tries to steer a middle course between rabbinic tradition and enlightened criticism. Along with a then recently made high-German translation and Jeitteles’ own philological annotations, he presents the Biblical text together with important rabbinic references at the same time. It is the aim of the Jena and Potsdam project to publish an annotated translation of Ben Ze’eb’s Mavo together with a monograph which contextualises his hermeneutics within the history of thought of his age. At the same time, another monograph shall deal with Jeitteles’ opus magnum in the context of the Vienna printing culture and the editorial programme of von Schmid’s publishing house. Previous achievements by the project group that have been accomplished based on the DFG funding since 2016 have demonstrated that in the context of von Schmid’s printing house a specific way of dealing with the writings of the Tanakh is developed which tries to mediate between traditional and modern approaches to the Bible. This specific “Vienna Haskalah” can be regarded as a hitherto neglected form of Jewish exegesis which constitutes an important intermediary link between the hermeneutics of Moses Mendelssohn and the later “Wissenschaft des Judentums”.