CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES AND TERRITORIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF ETHIOPIA SINCE THE LATE 18TH CENTURY

我们对埃塞俄比亚地理的了解以特别丰富和古老的政治和文化历史、种族多样性和非常丰富的历史和文化源材料为标志。其中包括埃塞俄比亚基督教王国和邻近的穆斯林政体中存在了几个世纪的当地书面作品和口头传统。从19世纪开始，关于埃塞俄比亚和非洲东北部其他地区的学术知识，包括许多由外国研究人员制作的地图和地形信息，以及由当地匿名线人共同制作的地图和地形信息，例如基督教埃塞俄比亚的传统学者、商人和官员，甚至在某些情况下是几个邻近王国的官员，今天已经消失了。然而，由于没有地图纲要，人们根本不知道地图可能是研究这个国家及其区域的资料来源。法德小组成员与埃塞俄比亚合作伙伴密切合作，积累了大量的实地工作经验，加上多年的档案工作和在埃塞俄比亚大学的教学经验。他们的共同看法是，迫切需要一种地理历史工具和参考工作，以帮助研究和理解地图的意义：地名和民族名称铭文背后的认知操作；空间表征的演变；领土要求的根源；集体记忆的可持续性；以及适应不断变化的环境的社会想象力的力量。这项研究将产生宝贵的工具，以获取历史地图中所载的信息，并考虑到形成空间表示的其他研究领域。ETHIOMAP的目标有两个：1。收集、批判性分析和历史地图资源索引：该项目将收集、批判性描述、分析、索引和出版一份鲜为人知但具有重要历史意义的埃塞俄比亚和非洲东北部邻国地图文件。研究范围限于1790年至1944年间设计的地图，每一张地图都代表了一个特定的历史时期，并构成了优秀的民族志或历史资料，这些资料被世界上该地区研究的总体趋势所忽视。精选的25幅地图将完全编入索引，并可通过联机地图查看器应用程序访问。2. 这项工作将以对当代领土进行有针对性的实地调查作为补充。将语料库中信息最丰富的地图的选定区域与当今埃塞俄比亚的相应领土进行比较。通过四个重点调查，我们首先希望通过回到他们的足迹，并通过收集当地人口在当地背景下的文化历史空间信息，更好地理解地图制作者的工作。

Our knowledge of the geography of Ethiopia is marked by especially rich and ancient political and cultural history, ethnic diversity and a very rich corpus of historical and cultural source material. These include centuries-old local written works and oral traditions in the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia and neighboring Muslim polities. From the 19th century, the production of academic knowledge on Ethiopia and other territories of northeastern Africa include many maps and topographic information produced by foreign researchers and co-produced by anonymous local informants, such as traditional scholars, merchants and office holders of Christian Ethiopia and even in some cases of several neighboring kingdoms, disappeared today. However, the absence of compendium of maps has led to a fundamental ignorance of their potential resources of information for studies of the country and its region.The members of the French-German team, in close association with Ethiopian partners, have accumulated a lot of experience in fieldwork, combined with many years of work in archives and teaching experiences in Ethiopian universities. Their common observation is that there is an urgent need for a geo-historical instrument and reference work which can help to study and understand the meaning of maps: the epistemic operations behind the inscription of toponyms and ethnonyms; the evolution of spatial representations; the roots of territorial claims; the sustainability of collective memory; and the power of social imaginations to adapt to changing landscapes. This research will result in invaluable tools for accessing to the information contained in historical maps and for taking into consideration in other fields of study which have shaped the representations of space.The objectives of ETHIOMAP are twofold:1. Collection, critical analysis and indexation of historical cartographic sources: The project will collect, critically describe, analyze, index and publish a documentation of widely unknown, but historically important maps of Ethiopia and neighboring countries of northeastern Africa. The scope of the research is limited to maps that were designed between 1790 and 1944, each of them representing a specific historical period and constituting excellent ethnographic or historical sources that have been neglected by the general trend of studies on this area of the world. A selection of 25 maps will be fully indexed and made accessible through an on-line map-viewer application. 2. This work will be supplemented by targeted fieldwork investigations on contemporary territories. Selected areas of the most informative maps of the corpus will be compared to the corresponding territories in current-day Ethiopia. Through four focused surveys, we first expect to reach a better understanding of the work of map-makers by returning on their footsteps and by collecting cultural-historical spatial information from local populations in local context.