The media change eyewitness (Augenzeuge) and visual inspection (Augenschein): "New" spatial consciousness and cartographichistorical development of early, hand drawn regional maps in Hesse (1500-1575)

虽然书面采访目击者的做法在15世纪变得明显，但手绘的区域地图（作为空间图像表示的新媒介）首先建立在1500年左右。Augenschein一词最初描述的是一种现场检查，即对某样东西进行目视检查，但很快就变成了一种特殊类型地图的同义词，其目的是完全取代这种局部检查。因此，地图得到了它所取代的东西。随着语义的准确性，同时代人能够描述一个发展，从证人的口头证词和他们的文本固定到视觉检查的图形化解释。特别是这种手绘地图发展的早期阶段（1500-1575）的特点是形式和功能多样：在昂贵的彩色视图旁边也可以找到粗略的草图，如测量平面图。图像和文本传统（地图和文件）的并行性提供了分析各种媒体变化的机会。以前对16世纪世纪档案和地图的研究通常有一个共同点：他们倾向于只关注其中一个而忽视另一个。这就是为什么今天，我们知道，而不是只有个别的例子，具体关于这些手绘地图（Augenscheine）或其功能和使用上下文。尽管托马斯霍斯特（2008）对旧巴伐利亚的旧手绘地图进行了区域概述，但缺乏其他区域和超区域研究。然而，Der Blick auf diekleine Welt（《小世界观察》）项目通过对黑森州和萨克森州的系统调查和分析填补了这一空白（直到1650年）。这些现有的材料现在将被用来调查从目击者（Augenzeuge）到视觉检查（Augenschein）的转变过程。作为检查室，HessianRoom被选为该项目。在空间上，该项目面向中世纪晚期和现代早期的领土。时间框架侧重于1500年至1575年区域制图的早期阶段，因为它的特点是开放的功能和手绘地图的尚未决定的设计。这些地图的插图将与档案中目击者的平行手证词进行区域比较。这种比较为从当代的角度看待新媒体区域地图提供了一种新的历史方法。

While the practice of written interviewing of eyewitnesses becameapparent within the 15th century, hand-drawn regional maps (as anew medium of pictorial representation of space) first establishedaround 1500. Initially describing a on-site inspection, in whichsomething should be visually inspected, the term Augenschein quicklybecame synonymous with a special type of map, whose intention wasto replace such a local inspection entirely. Therefore the map got thename of what it substituted. With semantic accuracy contemporarieswere able to describe a development, which ranged from the oraltestimony of witnesses and their textual fixation to pictorial illustrationof visual inspection. Especially the early phase of the development ofthis hand-drawn maps (1500-1575) is characterized by diverse formand function: rough sketches are also found beside expensive coloredviews, as measured floor plans. The parallelism of image- and texttradition(map and file) provides the opportunity to analyze the changeof media in all its shades. Researches that examined files and mapsof the 16th century previously, usually have one thing in common:They tend to look at the one and ignore the (associated) other. That iswhy today, we know rather only for individual examples specific aboutthese hand-drawn maps (Augenscheine) or their function and usecontexts. Although Thomas Horst 2008 gave a regional overview ofthe old hand-drawn maps of Old Bavaria, other regional and supraregionalstudies are lacking. However the project -Der Blick auf diekleine Welt- (Looking at the small World) bridged this gap with asystematic inquiry and analysis for Hesse and Lower Saxony (till1650). This existing material will now be used to investigate thetransformation process from eyewitnesses (Augenzeuge) to visualinspection (Augenschein). As the examination room, the Hessianroom was chosen for the Project. Spatially, the project is orientedtowards the late medieval and early modern territories. The timeframe focuses on the early phase of regional cartography from 1500to 1575, as it is characterized by open functionality and still undecideddesign of the hand-drawn maps. The pictorial illustration of thesemaps is to be compared regionally with the parallel handed testimonyof eyewitnesses in the files. This comparison allows a new historicalapproach to the new medium regional map from a contemporaryperspective.