Anthrosols of the Bale Mountains: Archives for the reconstruction of the chronology and intensity of human occupation and possible interactions with fire history and the destruction of Erica stands at the Sanetti Plateau

次级项目P2（通过人为土壤和洼地沉积物的地球化学代用指标评估人类对Sanetti高原（埃塞俄比亚Bale山脉）火灾历史和埃里卡植被破坏的影响）调查了（1）在庇护所和洞穴下发育的人为土壤，记录了自10年以来以及25 - 45，000年之间人类占领的年代和强度，但不是在全球末次冰期最大期。仍然缺乏详细的人类占领年表。(2)埃里卡碎片主要限于巨石丰富的网站，假设巨石提高温度控制上树线。(3)洼地和湖泊中的沉积物记录了其集水区的扰动（火灾、气候、植被）。到目前为止，火代理（黑碳，木炭）和埃里卡花粉显示分歧的最大值，沉积在不同时期，并记录了区域分歧的景观历史。第二阶段的目标是：（1）通过分析10 ka BP以上的人为土壤，重建人类活动的年代和强度，并通过分析湖泊和洼地沉积物中的人类生物标志物（C2和P1），对人类活动的影响进行区域放大和时间整合。(2)评价温度状况（P3和P6），埃里卡碎片的营养和水分供应。(3)明确分子埃里卡标记鉴定。(4)通过分析土壤和沉积物档案中的Erica分子标记（C2、P3、P4、P5和P7），重建Erica的时空分布。

Subproject P2 (Human impact on fire history and destruction of Erica vegetation at the Sanetti Plateau (Bale Mountains, Ethiopia) as assessed by biogeochemical proxies of Anthrosols and depression sediments) investigates (1) Anthrosols developed below shelters and in caves, documenting the chronology and intensity of human occupation since 10 and between 25 - 45,000 years, but not during the global Last Glacial Maximum. A detailed chronology of human occupation is still lacking. (2) Erica fragments are mainly restricted to boulder-rich sites, assuming that boulders improve temperatures controlling the upper treeline. (3) Sediments in depressions and lakes document disturbances (fire, climate, vegetation) in their catchments. Up to now fire proxies (black carbon, charcoal) and Erica pollen showed diverging maxima, deposited during different periods and documenting a regionally diverging landscape history. The goals of Phase 2 are (1) the reconstruction of the chronology and intensity of human occupation by analysing Anthrosols older than 10 ka BP, and regional up-scaling and temporal integration of human impact by analysing human biomarkers in lake and depression sediments (with C2 and P1). (2) evaluation of the temperature regime (with P3 and P6), the nutrient and water supply of Erica fragments. (3) identification of unambiguous molecular Erica markers. (4) reconstruction of temporal and spatial distribution of Erica by analysing molecular Erica markers in soils and sediment archives (with C2, P3, P4, P5 and P7).