High-temperature nanoarchitected materials with unique thermo-mechanical properties

新型增材制造方法的最新发展，其分辨率低至纳米级，使制造轻质但高强度的微/纳米结构晶格材料成为可能。通过优化设计的微型化蜂窝结构，可以利用强尺寸依赖的材料强化效应，在低密度下促进出色的机械性能。到目前为止，这种晶格材料只是在力学性能方面进行了表征和优化。多功能性，传统意义上的细胞结构的实际关键优势，例如在承重的情况下，同时绝缘夹层板，尚未得到解决。本研究项目的目标是创造多功能高温纳米结构细胞材料，具有超低导热性和高比机械性能的独特组合。隔热能力和机械强度将通过实验和有限元模拟进行表征，并通过智能材料和拓扑设计进行优化。在导热系数中，尺寸效应也会发生，在纳米尺度上，它随着尺寸的减小而减小，据报道，在100纳米以下的尺寸范围内，它比相应的体积值低一个数量级。纳米晶格材料，其微观的单个支柱可以用10纳米的材料厚度制造，因此有望具有极低的导热系数，并且可能作为优异的轻质隔热材料，同时实现出色的机械性能。这种高比强度和低导热率的结合预计优于任何现有的材料。这种同时具有轻质、机械坚固性和隔热性的材料适用于各种应用，例如燃气涡轮发动机和航空航天，在这些应用中，设计能够承受高温的承重结构，同时对底层结构进行隔热，可以显著提高效率、减轻重量和提高结构坚固性。

The recent evolution of novel additive manufacturing approaches with resolutions down to the nanoscale enables to fabricate lightweight yet high-strength micro/nano-architected lattice materials. By miniaturizing optimally designed cellular architectures strong size-dependent material strengthening effects can be exploited, facilitating outstanding mechanical properties at low density. To this point such lattice materials have only been characterized and optimized with respect to their mechanical behavior. Multifunctionality, the actual key benefit of cellular structures in a classical sense, such as in the case of load-bearing and at the same time insulating sandwich panels, has not yet been addressed.The objective of this research project is to create multifunctional high-temperature nanoarchitected cellular materials with unique combinations of ultra-low thermal conductivity and high specific mechanical properties. The thermal insulation capacity and the mechanical strength will be characterized experimentally as well as by finite element simulations and are optimized through intelligent material and topological design.In the thermal conductivity size-effects occur as well, at the nanoscale it decreases with decreasing dimensions and was reported to be about one order of magnitude lower than the respective bulk values in the size range below 100 nm. Nanolattice materials, whose microscopic individual struts can be manufactured with material thicknesses of 10 nm, therefore are expected to have an extremely low thermal conductivity and are likely to serve as superior, lightweight thermal insulators, while achieving outstanding mechanical properties. This combination of high specific strength and low thermal conductivity is expected to be superior to that of any currently existing material.Such materials that are simultaneously lightweight, mechanically robust and thermally insulating are desirable for various applications such as in gas turbine engines and aerospace, where the design of load-bearing structures that can tolerate high temperatures, while insulating the under-structure, can results in significant increases in efficiency, weight saving and higher structural robustness.