The strength of faults derived from 3-D fault imaging and tectonic computer simulations of the lithosphere

S地壳和岩石圈断裂的强度是评价地震危险性和危险性的重要参数之一。然而，到目前为止，对断层强度的基本理解仍然难以捉摸，因为大量观察表明，断层比基本理论预测的要弱得多。建议的项目将促进我们对断层强度的理解。基本假设是，断层的几何形状和相互作用决定了它们的强度。为了验证这一假设，该项目将聚焦于加州和台湾分别以走滑和逆冲运动为特征的仪器良好、构造活跃的地区。对于这些地区的部分地区，已经有了前所未有的详细的三维断层图。对于其他部分，这些将不得不建造。我将综合地震学、构造学和计算机模拟的约束，将三维断层图应用到最先进的构造计算机模拟中，模拟地球S地壳和岩石圈的变形行为。这些模拟将根据地壳形变的构造和大地测量数据进行验证，以约束断层强度参数。除了回答大型断层系统如何相互作用这一根本问题外，预期结果还将有助于显著提高地震情景计算的现实性。

The strength of faults in the Earth s crust and lithosphere is one of the most important parameters to assess earthquake hazard and risk. Yet, to date a fundamental understanding of fault strength has remained elusive, as numerous observations have pointed to faults being much weaker than predicted by basic theory. The proposed project will advance our understanding of fault strength. The basic hypothesis is that geometry and interaction among faults govern their strength. To test this hypothesis the project will focus on well-instrumented, tectonically active regions in California and Taiwan characterized by strike slip and by thrust motion, respectively. For parts of these regions threedimensional (3-D) fault maps of unprecedented detail are already available. For other parts these will have to be constructed. I will integrate constraints from seismology, tectonics, and computer modeling, and implement the 3-D fault maps into state-of-the-art tectonic computer simulations of the deformation behavior of the Earth s crust and lithosphere. The simulations will be validated against tectonic and geodetic measurements of crustal deformation to constrain fault strength parameters. In addition to answering the fundamental question of how large fault systems interact, the expected results wilt help improve considerably the realism of earthquake scenario calculations.