Formation and retrieval of reward-specific memories

记忆允许使用过去的经验来预测未来。这些预测需要简单明了，能够说明行为的基本特征，比如接近还是回避。然而，预测性记忆也应该尽可能丰富，以便具有适应性：当洪水和飓风迫在眉睫时，需要采取截然不同的行动。要分析赋予记忆的电路原理，从而在简单性和复杂性之间取得平衡，还需要一个研究案例，它足够简单，足以在实验上易于处理，但又足够复杂，足以记忆能力。我们认为，果蝇幼虫符合这些要求。具体地说，我们分析了气味奖赏训练如何建立记忆，以及如何学习针对特定奖赏质量的搜索行为。

Memories allow using past experience to predict the future. These predictions need to be simple, instructing fundamental features of behaviour such as approach versus avoidance. Yet, predictive memories should also be as rich as possible to be adaptive: Very different action is warranted when a flood versus a hurricane is imminent. To analyse the circuit principles that confer memory that is thus balanced for simplicity versus complexity also requires a study case simple enough to be experimentally tractable, yet complex enough to be mnemonically capable. We argue that larval Drosophila meet these demands. Specifically, we analyse how odour-reward training establishes memories and learned search behaviour that is specific for the particular quality of the reward.