Studies on Holocene vegetation-, fire-, climate- and human history - comparing multi-site evidence from the forest-steppe biomes in Mongolian Altai, Tosontsengel and Orkhon Valley

除了我们在阿尔泰山的研究之外，我们还将对蒙古森林-草原-生物群系中另外两个研究较少的地区（Tosontsengel, Orkhon Valley）的新环境档案进行多代用（花粉、非花粉孢样、木炭、硅藻、沉积物）和多站点方法的研究，并使用各种多变量方法进行放射性碳定年和分析。这些研究和比较将提高对蒙古西部和中部森林草原生态系统的变异性和动态的认识。它将调查气候和不同的史前和历史种群（如斯基泰人、突厥人、蒙古人）在全新世期间如何改变森林-草原-生物群系。我们在阿尔泰山脉的新结果表明，在过去的1000年里，人类对植被产生了强烈的影响，这在蒙古的其他研究中并没有得到很好的考虑。在本扩展中，我们将研究受影响较小（蒙古中北部Tosontsengel）和受影响较大（蒙古中部Orkhon Valley）地区的人为影响程度。如果牲畜对植被及其生物多样性有不同的影响，这是进一步的兴趣。这些研究将有助于森林草原生物群落的保护和管理。

Besides our studies in the Altai Mountains, new environmental archives from two additional little studied regions (Tosontsengel, Orkhon Valley) in the forest-steppe-biome of Mongolia will be studied in multi-proxy (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, diatoms, sediments) and multi-site approaches, radiocarbon dated and analysed by using various multivariate methods. These studies and comparisons will enhance the knowledge of the variability and dynamics of the Western and Central Mongolian forest-steppe-ecosystems. It will be investigated how climate and how strong different prehistoric and historic populations (e.g. Scythians, Turks, Mongols) changed the forest-steppe-biome during the Holocene. Our new results from the Altai Mountains demonstrate that humans had a strong impact on vegetation during the last 1000 years, which has not very well been considered in other studies in Mongolia. In this extension we will study the extent of anthropogenic impacts in a little (Tosontsengel, North-Central Mongolia) and a strongly (Orkhon Valley, Central Mongolia) impacted region. It is of further interest, if livestock animals have a different influence on the vegetation and its biodiversity. These studies will be a contribution to the protection and management of the forest-steppe-biome.