Late Medieval Panel Painting through the Prism of History, Material, and Technique. Interdisciplinary Object-Based Research at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum

日耳曼国家博物馆（Germanisches Nationalmuseum）收藏了大约250幅来自德语国家的中世纪晚期板画。在广度和质量，收集站在其最重要的世界各地。科隆和纽伦堡的绘画表现出非凡的力量。然而，时至今日，对这些藏品仍缺乏深入的学术研究。在拟建的项目中，将对科隆和德国西北部以及莱茵河中上游地区的博物馆画作进行深入研究，并对结果进行综合分析和解释。重点将放在跨学科的艺术历史和技术研究上，这将形成一个核心的愿望，并产生重要的新见解。每幅画的目标都是对其材料起源的完整描述，对原始环境和条件的重建，以及对后来修改的识别，以便了解作品的变化功能和意义。研究结果将发表在学术收藏目录中。此外，研究材料将被纳入wisski数据库。在此基础上，将有可能评估GNM中来自科隆的29幅画的个别发现，同时也考虑到2009-2012年在科隆和慕尼黑开展的“科隆面板绘画技术”合作项目的发现。这将使人们第一次有可能在1400年至1500年的关键时期，在高度重要的艺术中心科隆追溯绘画技术发展的历史。要分析的是所使用的材料和技术，它们的具体表现和变化。在此过程中，将研究特定于时间、地点和功能的特征，以区别于特定于车间和个人的特征。理解这些发现必不可少的是艺术历史和文化历史语境化，一方面考虑作品的风格，主题和图像，另一方面考虑其制作的经济，社会文化和宗教框架。作为2013-2016年由莱布尼茨协会（Leibniz Gemeinschaft）资助的研究项目的一部分，重要的准备工作正在进行中。这两个项目构成了对科隆和纽伦堡制作的面板画进行比较交叉评估的基础。这种比较将对研究艺术材料和技术的发展和传播作出实质性的贡献。在这样做的过程中，它将决定性地推进技术艺术史领域。此外，该项目将促使人们从艺术技术的角度重新审视和重新定义“艺术景观”（Kunstlandschaft）这个重要的艺术史概念。

The Germanisches Nationalmuseum boasts an outstanding collection of about 250 late-medieval panel paintings from the German-speaking lands. In breadth and quality, the collection stands among the most important of its kind worldwide. Paintings from Cologne and Nuremberg represent extraordinary strengths. Still today, however, an in-depth scholarly investigation of these holdings is lacking. In the proposed project, the museum's paintings from Cologne and northwestern Germany as well as the Middle and Upper Rhine regions are to be thoroughly researched and the results comprehensively analyzed and interpreted. The focus would lie on interdisciplinary art-historical and technical investigation, which forms a central desideratum and yields crucial new insights. The goal for each painting is a complete account of its material genesis, the reconstruction of the original context and condition, and the identification of later modifications, in order to understand the work with regard to its shifting functions and meanings. The results will be published in a scholarly collection catalogue. Additionally, research materials will be incorporated into a WissKI-database. On this basis, it will be possible to evaluate the individual findings on the 29 paintings from Cologne in the GNM, while also taking into account the discoveries of the collaborative project carried out 2009-2012 in Cologne and Munich on the "Technology of Panel Painting in Cologne." This will make it possible, for the very first time, to trace the history of technical developments in painting in the highly important artistic center Cologne over the crucial period 1400 to 1500. To be analyzed are the materials and techniques used, their specific manifestations and changes. In doing so, characteristics particular to time, place, and function will be investigated, as distinct from workshop-specific and individual features. Indispensable to understanding these findings is the art-historical and cultural-historical contextualization, which considers, on the one hand, the works' style, motifs, and iconography and, on the other, the economic, sociocultural, and religious framework of their making. Important preparatory work is being done as part of a research project devoted to the Franconian panel paintings in the GNM funded 2013-2016 by the Leibniz Association (Leibniz Gemeinschaft). Both projects form the basis for a comparative cross-evaluation of findings on panel paintings produced in Cologne and Nuremberg. This comparison will make a substantial contribution to scholarship on the development and diffusion of artistic materials and techniques. In doing so, it will decisively advance the field of technical art history. In addition, the project will prompt, from an art-technological perspective, a reexamination and redefinition of the important art-historical concept of "Kunstlandschaft."