Measurements of tracer and precursor gases of secondary photooxidants and aerosols in pollution plumes of major European and Asian population centers (MEPOLL)

该项目是对EMeRGe（特大城市对区域和全球范围内污染物运输和转化的影响）HALO任务的贡献，旨在调查和确定欧洲和亚洲主要人口中心（MPCs）排放组成的差异以及这些地区污染流出的具体运输和转化过程。这将包括使用HALO远程飞机对MPC污染羽流的水平和垂直演变进行详细测量，包括通过对流将排放物垂直提升到自由对流层。预计将在欧洲和东亚分别以德国奥伯法芬霍芬和台湾台北为基地开展两项HALO活动。该项目的重点是测量示踪剂（CO、CO2、CH4、全氟化碳），以研究MPCs污染与环境、光氧化剂前体气体（NOx）和气溶胶前体气体（SO2、半挥发性有机化合物）的分散和混合。将部署四种仪器系统，这些系统是为HALO开发的，并已在以前的HALO活动中成功使用。这包括用于环境和人工示踪剂（AMTEX， PERTRAS）， NOx/NOy化学发光探测器（AENEAS）和化学电离离子阱质谱仪（CI-ITMS）的仪器包。对于EMeRGe， PERTRAS和CI-ITMS的测量能力将扩展到有机酸的检测，有机酸有望在MPC羽流的气溶胶形成和生长中发挥重要作用。此外，将使用PFC示踪剂进行特定的拉格朗日实验。这包括在选定的MPC中释放PFC示踪剂，以标记污染羽流，并随后对下游的污染流出物进行采样。最后，该项目将通过使用基于网络的交互式工具提供气象和示踪剂弥散预测，支持两次HALO活动期间的飞行计划。

This project is a contribution to the EMeRGe (Effect of megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the regional and global scales) HALO mission and aims to investigate and identify differences in the composition of emissions in major population centers (MPCs) in Europe and Asia and specific transport and transformation processes of the pollution outflow in these regions. This will include detailed measurements with the HALO long range aircraft of the horizontal and vertical evolution of the MPC pollution plumes including vertical uplift of emissions into the free troposphere by convection. Two HALO campaigns are foreseen in Europe and East Asia based from Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany und Taipeh, Taiwan, respectively. The focus of this project is on measurements of tracer (CO, CO2, CH4, PFCs [perfluorocarbons]) to study the dispersion and mixing of pollution from MPCs with the environment, precursor gases of photooxidants (NOx), and precursor gases of aerosols (SO2, semi-volatile organic compounds). Four instrument systems will be deployed which have been developed for HALO and used already successfully during previous HALO campaigns. This includes an instrument package for ambient and artificial tracer (AMTEX, PERTRAS), NOx/NOy chemiluminescence detectors (AENEAS), and a chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometer (CI-ITMS). For EMeRGe, the measurements capabilities of PERTRAS and CI-ITMS will be extended for the detection of organic acids which are expected to play an important role in aerosol formation and growth in MPC plumes. Furthermore, specific Lagrangian experiments will be performed using PFC tracer. This includes release of PFC tracer in selected MPC to tag the pollution plume and subsequent sampling of the pollution outflow downstream. Finally, this project will support the flight planning during the two HALO campaigns by providing meteorological and tracer dispersion forecasts using web-based interactive tools.