The Houses with Balcony Access in Dessau-Törten. Reconstruction and analysis of the planning, construction and usage history of the project of the Bauhaus Dessau under the direction of Hannes Meyer

迄今为止，在Dessau-Törten很少有研究的带有阳台通道的房屋是最重要的，除了被拆除的Haus Nolden之外，这是历史悠久的包豪斯建筑部门唯一实现的建筑项目。它们体现了包豪斯将研究性教育与实践相结合，在课堂上处理和实现实际设计任务的理念。同时，带有阳台通道的住宅对当时关于最低生活保障住房和现代城市类型学的争论做出了重要贡献。它们建于1929/1930年大萧条开始后，代表了现代建筑新阶段的开始：基于有意识地拒绝同时牢固建立的形式和风格惯例，Meyer和参与该项目的教师和学生寻求效率和使用的一致方向，其中包括使用当地建筑材料，应用新技术和现代集体住房类型。研究项目的第一部分将重建Dessau-Törten地产扩张的城市发展概念的进程。这将涵盖有争议的政治意愿的形成以及设计概念。后者将涉及对汉内斯·迈耶的影响，特别是路德维希·希尔伯西默的角色的调查。唯一部分实现的房地产是混合开发概念的第一个实际例子，不久之前由Hilberseimer提出。这在当时是一个全新的概念，不仅对新的建筑类型学的争论做出了重大贡献，而且也为hilberseimer的职业生涯奠定了基础（例如1956年底特律的Lafayette Park项目）。研究项目的第二部分转向对象规划，包豪斯建筑部门负责。它将审查哪些教师和学生在这方面发挥了作用，哪些思想和概念影响了发展过程。设计和建筑是如何教授的？建筑部门的设计和施工实践是如何构思的，还有哪些包豪斯部门参与了这个项目？在这里体现了对建筑的哪一种理解和哪一种教育理念？研究项目的第三部分侧重于接收和建设的历史：用户、德绍市和专业人士如何接受该项目？在几十年的使用过程中，这座建筑是如何被使用、改造和修复的？为了回答最后一个问题，咨询的信息来源不仅包括档案文件，还包括用户和建筑本身。用户将在结构化访谈中接受询问，信息将来自其中一栋建筑的现场调查、建筑修复研究和考古发掘。

The to date little-researched Houses with Balcony Access in Dessau-Törten are the most important and - apart from the demolished Haus Nolden - the only building project realised by the building department of the historic Bauhaus. They manifest the Bauhaus concept of combining research-based education with practice and of processing and realising practical design tasks in the classroom. At the same time the Houses with Balcony Access are an important contribution to the then current debate concerning housing for the subsistence minimum and the debate about modern urban typologies. Built after the onset of the Great Depression in 1929/1930, they represent the start of a new phase of modern architecture: Based on a conscious rejection of the meanwhile firmly established formal and stylistic conventions, Meyer and the teachers and students involved in the project sought a consistent orientation towards efficiency and usage, which among other things led to the use of local building materials, the application of new technologies and modern, collective housing typologies. The first part of the research project will reconstruct the progression of the urban development concept for the expansion of the Dessau-Törten Estate. This will cover the controversial formation of political will as well as the design conception. The latter will involve an investigation of Hannes Meyers influence and, especially, Ludwig Hilberseimers role. The only partly realised estate is the first practical example of the concept of a mixed development, formulated shortly before by Hilberseimer. This at the time completely new concept not only contributed significantly to the debate on new building typologies, but was also defining for Hilberseimers further career (e.g. project Lafayette Park in Detroit, 1956). The second part of the research project turns toward the object planning, for which the Bauhaus building department was responsible. It will examine which teachers and students played a part in this and which idea and concepts influenced the development process. How were design and architecture taught? How was the practice of design and construction conceived in the building department, and which other Bauhaus departments participated in the project? Which understanding of architecture and which educational concept were reflected here? The third part of the research project focuses on the history of reception and construction: How was the project received by the users, by the city of Dessau and in professional circles? How was the building used, altered and restored during its decades of use up to the present day? Sources of information consulted in order to answer this last question will include not only archival documentation, but also the users and the building itself. Users will be questioned in structured interviews and information will be sourced from a site survey of one of the buildings, building restoration research and archaeological excavations.