Synthesis Project 6: Scientific foundations of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services

该项目致力于综合关于物种、生境和生态系统服务的养护以及关于生物多样性和生态系统服务的可持续利用的所有现有信息。在物种保护生物学方面，首先我们将评估物种的稀有性和生境特异性，同时利用1600个植被记录和数百个蝗虫群落记录。其次，基于稀有性，栖息地特异性和土地覆盖变化，我们将属性物种的威胁程度，并分析威胁程度和栖息地和物种特征之间的关系。第三，基于共现分析和与环境变量的关系，我们将确定伞种和指示种，并基于利益相关者的观点，我们将确定旗舰种。在生态系统保育生物学方面，我们会评估自然生态系统、受干扰生态系统和管理生态系统的保育价值，包括不同保育持份者的观点，分析土地覆被变化对保育的影响，以及评估生态系统层面保育价值的措施。关于物种的可持续利用，我们将把关于所有植物物种的利用和关于选定动物的利用的民族植物学和民族动物学信息与土地覆盖变化信息和利益攸关方访谈相结合，以评估这些物种的利用强度和可持续性。关于生态系统及其服务的可持续利用，我们将考虑不同利益相关者的观点来定义生态系统服务包，我们将分析它们在多大程度上由自然，受干扰和管理的生态系统提供。此外，为了了解生物多样性对生态系统服务的相对作用，我们将把生态系统服务的提供与生境特征、物种组成和多样性联系起来。为了解决生态系统服务使用的可持续性问题，我们将涉及各种利益相关者及其对各种生态系统服务提供的稳定性的看法。为了实现我们的目标，我们将使用迄今为止研究的所有分类群和生态系统过程的数据。我们将采用统计方法，对于保护和生态系统服务价值和可持续性，我们还将涉及利益攸关方的观点。

This project is dedicated to the synthesis of all available information on the conservation of species, habitats and ecosystem services, and on the sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services. On species conservation biology, first we will assess the rarity and habitat specificity of species, also making use of 1600 vegetation records and several hundred grasshopper community records. Second, based on rarity, habitat specificity, and land-cover change we will attribute species to degrees of threat and analyse the relationship between degrees of threat and habitat and species characteristics. Third, based on co-occurrence analyses and relationships with environmental variables we will identify umbrella and indicator species, and based on a stakeholder perspective, we will identify flagship species. On ecosystem conservation biology, we will assess the conservation value of natural, disturbed and managed ecosystems, also including perspectives of various conservation stakeholders, analyse the conservation implications of land-cover change, and assess measures of landscape-level conservation value. On sustainable use of species we will combine ethno-botanical and ethno-zoological information on the use of all plant species and on the use of selected animals, with land-cover change information and stakeholder interviews to assess how intense and sustainable the use of these species is. On sustainable use of ecosystems and their services we will define ecosystem-service bundles considering different stakeholder perspectives and we will analyse to which degree they are provided by natural, disturbed and managed ecosystems. Moreover, to understand the relative role of biodiversity for ecosystem services, we will relate ecosystem-service provisioning to habitat characteristics and species composition and diversity. To address the sustainability of ecosystem service use we will involve various stakeholders and their perception on how stable the provision of various ecosystem services is. To achieve our goals, we will use data on plot characteristics and of all taxa and ecosystem processes studied so far. We will employ statistical approaches and, for conservation and ecosystem service value and sustainability, we will also involve stakeholder perspectives.