Moral Motivation and the Emotions. The moralpsychological contribution of the passiones animae from Thomas Aquinas to mediat human striving structures and practical reasoning

这个项目的目标是托马斯·阿奎那的情感理论，因为她在他关于灵魂的激情，动物的激情的论文中可以找到，来评估它们对理解道德动机的重要性。应该弄清楚，对于托马斯来说，情绪是否，尤其是如何，能够促进行动动机的发展。起点是对当前情感哲学的观察，根据这种观察，情感在如何理解道德动机的问题上起着关键作用，即对道德意图的信念如何对行动产生影响。然而，相对而言，我们仍然不清楚情绪是如何激发的，这种影响最终基于什么，以及它们与行为控制中涉及的理性行为主体的其他力量之间的关系如何。托马斯·冯·阿奎那（Thomas von Aquinas）对动物激情的反思，在范围和系统意义上仍被低估，为（神学）伦理学中的这个问题开辟了一个迄今为止基本上未被研究的领域，并代表了设想项目的核心。就方法论而言，我们的目标不仅是在狭义上重建阿奎那情感理论的结构和架构，而且要特别阐明相关的道德心理学，以及形而上学和神学的先决条件，例如，关于灵魂的概念和奋斗理论，或者，如果考虑到人类生存的末世终极目标（finis ultimus），而不是单独的个人行动的孤立的部分目标。大量的原始材料提出了一种基于主要激情之一（帝汶-恐惧）和神学激情（爱-爱）的典范方法。其中心假设是，托马斯的情绪并不会通过特定的客体指称来激发情绪，而客体指称一方面会使被唤起的情绪的来源变得可理解并赋予它一定的认知内容，从而使其具有理性的可及性；另一方面，通过对人类的所有身体-灵魂力量的微妙“纠正”和最终确定，即生命部分和理性部分，作为道德动机的整体模型，以爱为统一的纽带。迄今为止，这项工作的第一个结果表明，它也有希望在行动的托马斯起源中找到激情，并在一个过程中考虑它们彼此之间的关系。对这个问题的处理除了为托马斯研究带来可观的收入外，也为更偏向分析的哲学辩论带来了利润，同时也为道德动机主题的问题带来了可能的基督教本体。

The project aims at the emotions theory of Thomas Aquinas as she is to be found in his treatises on the passions of the soul, the passiones animae, to evaluate their importance for the understanding of moral motivation. It should be worked out, whether and especially how, for Thomas emotions can contribute to the development of motivation to act. Starting point are observations within the current philosophy of emotions, according to which emotions play a key role in the question of how moral motivation is to be understood, i.e. how convictions of what is morally intended become effective for action. However, it is still comparatively unclear how emotions can motivate, what this effect is ultimately based on and how their relationship to the other forces of the rational subject of action involved in action control can be imagined. The recourse to Thomas von Aquinas' reflections on the passiones animae, which are still underestimated in scope and systematic significance, opens up a field that has so far been largely unresearched for this question within (theological) ethics and represents the core of the envisaged project. In terms of methodology, the aim is not only to reconstruct the structure and architecture of the emotional theory of Aquinas in the narrower sense but in particular also to shed light on the relevant moral-psychological, but also metaphysical and theological prerequisites of it, for example with regard to its concept of the soul and its striving theory, or if the eschatological ultimate goal of human existence (finis ultimus) is taken into account instead of isolated partial goals of individual actions alone. The extensive source material suggests an exemplary approach based on one of the main passions (timor - fear) and a theological passion (amor - love). The central hypotheses are, that with Thomas emotions do not motivate eo ipso, but on the one hand through a specific object reference, which is supposed to make the origin of the evoked emotion understandable and which assigns it a certain cognitive content, which makes it rationally accessible; and on the other hand through a subtle "rectification" and finalization of all body-soul forces of the human being, i.e. vital as well as rational parts, as a holistic model of moral motivation on the basis of love as a unifying bond. The first results of the work to date indicate that it is also promising to locate the passiones within the Thomanic genesis of action and to consider their relationship to one another within the course of a process. The processing of the question promises in addition to a substantial income to Thomas-research also a profit for both the more analytical-oriented philosophical debates as well as a possible Proprium Christianum in questions concerning the topic of moral motivation.