Variation and Grammaticalization in Verbal Scene Constructions

该项目调查了现代德语中动词bekomman、kriegen(两者都是：获得、获得、管理去做)、verdienen(挣、应得)和lassen(让、允许、使)在动词场景的各自结构和语法化程度方面的结构变化。这一复杂的考察对象被称为动词场景结构，以强调焦点不仅仅是论点结构或命题的部分。相反，句子的完整语义认知模式被视为一个构式实体。虽然动词被用作其结构的命名标签，但对后者的意义和功能进行了综合考察。这包括关于动词场景的关系构成、论元结构和体貌的特征。所考察的动词在词汇用法、习语用法和语法化用法之间表现出高度的多功能性，在结构上也有很大的变化。这一点在贝科曼的例子中得到了展示。(1)显示语法化的用法为bekomman-被动；(2)和(3)是具有情态和体貌价值的半助词用法；(4)和(5)显示完全词汇化的动词，它们的论元结构和动词意义不同。(1)请不要这样做。她去理发了。(2)在设计工作中，所有的工作都是公开的。在这份工作中，她能看到可怕的事情。(3)请不要这样做。她将设法在今晚之前把这件事做完。(4)苏维埃牛奶公司。这么多牛奶对猫来说是不能容忍的。(5)采矿商。她得到了矿泉水。旨在阐明动词场景结构的变异、语法化与动词的助动程度之间的相互依存关系，建立以动词场景结构即整体实体为主要内容的新型语法化路径。已知的线性标度顺序被认为不足以表示动词场景结构，相反，有必要使用网络式的多维结构来表示多语法化和词汇化。经验基础是基于语料库的对包含这四个动词的所有构式的研究。理论背景包括语法化研究、构式语法和认知语言学(框架语义学、指示语理论)。本文的预期成果有三：(1)关注动词场景结构的变异及其语法化路径填补了语法化过程研究的空白；(2)首次将语言变异的构式基础作为研究的根本出发点；(3)构式语法关于构式概念优先的主张在本研究领域得到了示范应用。

The project investigates constructional variation in the verbs bekommen, kriegen (both: get, obtain, manage to do) verdienen (earn, deserve) and lassen (let, allow, make) in Present-day German with regard to the respective structures of the verbal scene and the degrees of grammaticalization. This complex object of investigation is dubbed verbal scene construction to emphasize that the focus is not only on argument structure or parts of the proposition. Instead, the complete semantic-cognitive pattern of a sentence is looked at as a constructional entity. Though the verbs are used as naming labels for their constructions, the meaning and function of the latter is investigated in an integrative manner. This includes features concerning the relational composition of the verbal scene, its argument structure and aspectuality. The verbs investigated display a high degree of polyfunctionality between lexical, idiomatic and grammaticalized usages as well as great constructional variation. This is shown in the examples with bekommen. (1) shows the grammaticalized usage as bekommen-passive; (2) and (3) are semi-auxiliary usages with modal and aspectual values; (4) and (5) show fully lexical verbs with their divergent argument structures and verbal meanings. (1) Sie bekommt die Haare geschnitten. She gets her hair cut. (2) In diesem Job bekommt sie furchtbare Dinge zu sehen. In this job, she gets to see horrible things. (3) Sie bekommt das bis heute Abend geregelt. She will manage to get this done by tonight. (4) Soviel Milch bekommt einer Katze nicht. This much milk is not tolerated by / is not good for a cat. (5) Sie bekommt das Mineralwasser. She gets the mineral water. The aim is to elucidate the interdependency of the variation and grammaticalization of verbal scene constructions and the degrees of auxiliarization in the verbs involved, and to establish grammaticalization paths of a new type with verbal scene constructions, i.e. holistic entities, as the primary content of the scales. The known linear ordering of scales is seen to be not sufficient for representing verbal scene constructions, instead, it is necessary to work with network-like, multidimensional structures to represent polygrammaticalization and lexicalization likewise. The empirical foundation is a corpus-based study of all constructions containing the four verbs. The theoretical background is composed of grammaticalization research, construction grammar and cognitive linguistics (frame semantics, theory of deixis). The intended outcome is threefold: (i) the focus on the variation of verbal scene constructions and their grammaticalization paths fills a gap in the research of grammaticalization processes, (ii) for the first time, the constructional foundation of language variation is the fundamental starting point (iii) the claim of construction grammar concerning the priority of the concept of construction is applied in an exemplary way in the field researched here.