Wide angle high speed photometry

闪烁，即，恒星的“闪烁”是所有地面光学测光的限制因素，即使是在大型望远镜上。抑制闪烁噪声的常用方法是使用大型望远镜和长积分时间。在这项资助申请中，我们建议使用不同的观测方法：我们建议对恒星样本进行同步高速观测。以这种方式，我们可以沿着沿着多条瞄准线进行采样测量，这些瞄准线的特征在于相同的闪烁功率。因此，集合测光技术被扩展到非常短的时间尺度，包括在sample中的闪烁功率的精确测量。为了获得必要的observations一个宽视场望远镜与高速相机是必要的。为了经济地工作，我们使用具有超星透镜的C14望远镜形式的商业设备，其有效地充当具有1.4平方度视场的施密特相机。对于成像，我们建议利用最近开发的科学sCMOS技术，其为有源像素检测器提供了在550 nm处的峰值量子效率为57%并且全帧（2560 × 2160像素）的读出能力为100 Hz，读出噪声电平为1.4-e-/像素，则满阱容量约为30000 e-。对于数据存储，我们建议构建一个能够“以真实的时间”获取和存储数据的系统，并建议通过一个服务器系统来实现这一点，该服务器系统从相机缓冲区读取数据，并通过光纤链路将数据传输到RAID服务器。在此资金申请的背景下，我们希望建立一个工作系统，能够以100 Hz的速率产生和存储全帧约5小时;所提出的系统在这段时间内产生约15 TB的数据。利用这一系统，我们希望在闪烁理论、太阳系外行星、明亮变星、耀斑星和月球掩星研究等领域进行一些关键的科学观测。

Scintillation, i.e., the ''twinkling'' of stars, is the limiting factor for all optical ground-based photometry, even at large telescopes. The usual approach to beat down on scintillation noise is the use of large telescopes and long integration times. In this funding application we propose to use a different ansatz: We propose to conduct simultaneous high-speed observations of samples of stars. In this fashion we can sample measurements along multiple lines of sights, which are characterized by the same scintillation power. Hence the technique of ensemble photometry is extended to very short time scales to include accurate measurements of the scintillation power in the sample.In order to obtain the necessary observations a wide field telescope with a high speed camera is necessary. To work economically we use commercial equipment in the form of a C14 telescope with a hyperstar lens, which effectively acts as a Schmidt camera with a field of view of 1.4 square degrees.For imaging we propose to utilize the recently developed scientific sCMOS technology, which provides active pixel detectors with a peak quantum efficiency is 57% at 550 nm and a full frame (2560 x 2160 pixels) read-out capability of 100 Hz at a read-out noise level of 1.4~e-/pixel will a full well capacity of about 30000 e-. For data storage we propose to construct a system that is able to take and store thedata ''in real time'' and propose to accomplish this with a server system that reads the data out of the camera buffer and transfer the data with a fiber link to a RAID server.In the context of this funding application we want to setup a working system, capable of producing and storing full frames at a rate of 100 Hz for at about five hours; the proposed system generates about 15 Tbyte of data during that time. With this system we want to perform a number of key science observations in the fields of scintillation theory, extrasolar planets, bright variable stars, flare stars and lunar occultation studies.