Subsistence strategies, settlement structure, and communication in the Terminal Mesolithic, using the example of a submerged microregion in the Bay of Kiel

在外部基尔峡湾进行的海底考古调查发现了有机成因的沉积物，发现了陶器前的Ertebølle阶段。这些记录位于大约6米深的倒下的橡树树干区域。距离斯托尔悬崖线900米。2012年的第一次试掘证明了大量的库存和良好的保存条件。特别是有机发现被保存下来，包括人类遗骸。类型学和绝对年代测年法表明，狩猎-采集者在公元前5390至4750年间使用了该遗址。因此，对该遗址的占领属于Ertebølle文化的陶器前时期(雅克尔伯格和罗森费尔德阶段)。在此期间，北德波罗的海海岸只有几个保存完好的原址发现的记录。被调查的定居点位于一个泻湖的岸边，猎人、采集者和渔民在那里生产用打火石、骨头、鹿角和木头制成的工具。他们利用海洋和陆地环境获取食物，加工食物，并进一步利用这个地方处理废物。2014年在1公顷的区域内进行的一项海底调查显示，含有发现物的有机层不仅在测试挖掘区域保存下来，而且在周围也保存了下来。除此之外，潜水员报告了更多零散的发现和倒下的树干，以及暴露的有机层。发现斯特兰德地区的科学意义在于其特定的时期，这一时期先于陶瓷用途的文化发展，加强了与充分发展的新石器时代文化的接触，引进了驯养牲畜，最终形成了完整的新石器时代的生活方式。除了尚未解决的年代学研究问题外，还有一个空间研究空白，因为基尔湾只发现了几个中石器时代晚期的发现。Strande LA 163遗址良好的保存条件为研究西基勒奥贝恩德微区末期中石器时代的陶前阶段提供了巨大的潜力。通过对文化遗迹的比较，可以重建与邻近地区的联系网络和通信路线。此外，小规模景观开发的重建使人们能够准确地定位垃圾处理区周围的定居点位置。在丹麦和梅克伦堡-福尔波默恩潜水考古的多年经验证明，只有在海床上进行系统的搜索，才能发现以前不为人知的散布物体，否则这些散布物体就隐藏在沙子或淤泥下面。它的潜力可以通过现代海底挖掘技术来释放，这为觅食者的生存、定居结构和定居组织提供了证据。

Submarine archaeological investigations in the outer Kiel Fjord revealed organogenic sediments with finds from the pre-pottery Ertebølle phase. These records lie in six metres water depth in an area of fallen oak trunks approx. 900 m off the Stohl cliff line. First test excavations in 2012 gave proof of a substantial inventory and excellent preservation conditions. Especially organic finds were preserved including human remains. Typological and absolute-chronological datings suggest that hunter-gatherers used the site between 5390 and 4750 BC. Therefore the occupation of the site belongs to the prepottery period of the Ertebølle Culture (Jäckelberg and Rosenfelde phase). For that time only few records of in-situ preserved finds are known at the North German Baltic Sea coast. The settlement under investigation was located on the shore of a lagoon where hunters, gatherers and fishermen produced tools made of flint, bone, antler and wood. They exploited their marine and terrestrial environment for food, processed their diet and furthermore used the place for waste disposal. A submarine survey carried out 2014 in an area of 1 ha showed that organic layers containing finds are preserved not only in the sector of the test excavation but also in the surroundings. In addition to that, divers reported more scattered finds and fallen tree trunks as well as exposed organic layers. The scientific significance of the find region Strande lies in its specific period of time which precedes the cultural development of ceramic use, the intensification of contact with fully developed Neolithic cultures, the import of domesticated livestock and finally the complete Neolithic way of life. Next to unsolved chronological research questions there is also a spatial research gap, as only a few late Mesolithic finds are known from the Bay of Kiel. The excellent preservation conditions of the Strande LA 163 site provide great potential for investigating the pre-pottery phase of the Terminal Mesolithic in the micro region of the western Kieler Außenförde. A comparison of the cultural remains allows the reconstruction of contact networks and communication routes to adjacent regions. Moreover, the reconstruction of small-scale landscape development enables the locating of the exact settlement positions in the surrounding of the waste disposal zone. Years of experience in diving archaeology in Denmark and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern give proof that only a systematic search on the seabed can uncover previously unknown find scatters which are otherwise hidden below sand or silt. Its potential can be unlocked using modern submarine excavation techniques which gives evidence about subsistence, settlement structure and settlement organisation of the foragers.