Eukaryotic-like proteins from Asgard archaea

我们已经在三个方面取得了重大进展：1)Asgard微管蛋白：我们已经证明这种蛋白是真核微管和原核细胞分裂机制FtsZ之间的中间产物。这为复杂的蛋白质机器如何从具有不同功能的蛋白质进化而来提供了令人着迷的见解。这些数据公布于2022年。Akil， C, Ali， S., Tran， L. T., Gaillard， J., Li， W., Hayashida， K., Hirose， M., Kato， T., Oshima， A., Fujishima， K., Blanchoin， L., Narita， A.和Robinson， R. C. Odinarchaeota微管蛋白的结构和动力学及其对真核生物微管进化的影响。科学。Adv. (2022) 8,10.1126 /sciadv.；abm22252) Heimdallarchaeota和Odinarchaeota凝胶。在这里，我们已经证明，凝胶从这些门能够切断肌动蛋白丝在钙依赖的方式。这使我们得出结论，钙信号到肌动蛋白细胞骨架存在于阿斯加德古菌和真核生物的最后共同祖先中，因此早于真核发生。3)小GTPase信号复合物。我们已经解决了一种类似拉布的GTPase、几种路障蛋白和TRAPP蛋白的晶体结构。这些数据使我们能够证明真核信号蛋白中的核心蛋白，如调控复合物，存在于Asgard古菌中。因此，在真核发生之前就有向细胞膜传递复杂信号。这份手稿已接近完成。

We have made significant progress in three areas:1) Asgard Tubulin: We have demonstrated that this protein is an intermediate between eukaryotic microtubules and the prokaryotic cell division machinery FtsZ. This provides a fascinating insight as to how a complex protein machine can evolve from a protein with a different function. These data were published in 2022.Akil, C., Ali, S., Tran, L. T., Gaillard, J., Li, W., Hayashida, K., Hirose, M., Kato, T., Oshima, A., Fujishima, K., Blanchoin, L., Narita, A. & Robinson, R. C. Structure and dynamics of Odinarchaeota tubulin and the implications for eukaryotic microtubule evolution. Sci. Adv. (2022) 8, 10.1126/sciadv.abm22252) Heimdallarchaeota and Odinarchaeota gelsolins. Here we have demonstrated that gelolins from these to phyla are able to sever actin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. This leads us to the conclusion that calcium signaling to the actin cytoskeleton was present in the last common ancestor of Asgard archaea and eukaryotes, and thus predate eukaryogenesis. This manuscript is under revision at PNAS.3) Small GTPase signaling complexes. We have solved crystal structures of a Rab-like GTPase, several roadblock proteins and TRAPP proteins. These data allow us to demonstrate that the core proteins in eukaryotic signaling proteins, such as the ragulator complex, are present in Asgard archaea. Thus complex signalling to membranes predates eukaryogenesis. This manuscript is near completion.