An investigation into the dark energy associated with cosmological initial conditions through observations on CMB and the large-scale structure of the universe

暗能量通常被认为是驱动标准Λ清洁发展机制宇宙学中加速膨胀的排斥均匀背景，遵循在最大尺度上假定均匀和各向同性的宇宙学原理。除了挑战Λ清洁发展机制模型的观测中的紧张和反常之外，越来越多的观测表明宇宙学原理可能会崩溃。暗能量是一个需要在未来几十年阐明的谜团，其本质可能揭示我们宇宙的命运，以及超越宇宙学和粒子物理标准模型的新物理学的秘密。如果在未来的观测中发现暗能量的不均匀，这将是开创性的。这项研究集中在可能的暗能量不均匀的一般公式上，作为对标准微扰理论的修正，作为一种预测努力，从长期考虑的动态暗能量模型向前迈进了一步。暗能量来源于一些超轻标量场，携带着等温型超视界涨落。这些涨落转化为不均匀的暗能量聚集，从而导致地平线内宇宙学可观测到的各向异性。利用宇宙微波背景初始条件对这些涨落的约束，该研究阐述并讨论了暗能量聚集对大尺度结构的暗能量状态方程、光度距离和物质谱等可观测参数的影响，这些影响值得斯巴鲁PFS、DESI、LSST等未来的观测验证。

Dark energy is generally considered as a repulsive homogeneous background driving the accelerated expansion in the standard ΛCDM cosmology following the cosmological principle that assumes homogeneity and isotropy on the largest scales. In addition to tensions and anomalies in observations challenging the ΛCDM model, increasing observations indicate the possible breakdown of the cosmological principle.Dark energy is a mystery to be illuminated in the future decades, whose nature may reveal the fate of our Universe, and the secrets of new physics beyond the standard models of cosmology and particle physics. It will be ground-breaking if dark energy inhomogeneities are found in future observations.This research focuses on a general formulation of possible dark energy inhomogeneities as a modification to the standard perturbation theory as a forecasting effort, a step forward from the long-lasting consideration of dynamical dark energy models. Sourced by some ultralight scalar field, dark energy carries isocurvature-type superhorizon fluctuations. These fluctuations translate into inhomogeneous dark energy clustering and consequently anisotropies in cosmological observables within the horizon. Using constraints on these fluctuations from the initial conditions of the cosmic microwave background, the research formulated and discussed the impacts of dark energy clustering on observables such as dark energy equation of state, luminosity distance and matter spectrum of the large-scale structure, which are worth testing by future surveys like Subaru PFS, DESI, LSST, etc.