Changes in soil food web structure of the decomposer system with land-use intensity in forest systems

拟议的项目侧重于在三个生物多样性探索实验室的森林缺口实验(FOX)框架内调查的随着森林缺口的形成而引起的土壤食物网结构的变化。该项目通过侧重于强烈干扰的后果，改进和扩展了关于不同土地利用强度/森林管理的森林土壤动物食物网结构的探索的前几个阶段的成果。将对四个工作包(WP)进行调查。WP1分析了三个探索区(2008-2020年)12年间关于土壤中大型和中型无脊椎动物的密度、生物量和群落结构的数据；这项研究的目的是探索不同土地利用强度/森林管理的森林中土壤动物群落和食物网结构长期动态的驱动因素。WP2的重点是调查土壤动物群落和食物网结构的变化，这是由于强干扰(缺口形成、死木放置)造成的，就像在Fox实验框架内所调查的那样。WP3以化合物特有的氨基酸分析和整体稳定同位素分析为基础，重点分析了林隙形成和死木放置对通过土壤动物食物网的能量输送的影响。WP4利用群落系统发育学探索了两个主要的土壤中栖动物分类群--弹尾目和ORiatida的群落组装过程；将群落系统发育学与基于特征的方法相结合，旨在确定受缺口形成和死木放置影响的土壤动物群落组装的机制。研究结果将有助于(1)以前所未有的详细程度了解森林土壤动物食物网的结构和动态，并扩展对这些食物网的模拟，包括时间变化和由于强干扰(WP2，WP2)，(2)深入了解森林地下食物网对强干扰的敏感性(WP2，WP3)，(3)使用新的方法揭示通过土壤食物网的能量输送及其在强干扰下的改变(WP3)，以及(4)探索分解的土壤无脊椎动物群落的组装过程及其被强干扰的修改(WP4)。总体而言，该项目将使人们能够以前所未有的详细程度了解森林土壤食物网的结构、它们在空间和时间上的变化以及它们的结构力量，从而形成在生物多样性探索框架内调查的具有多样性和人类影响的森林生态系统结构和功能变化的基本组成部分。

The proposed project focuses on changes in soil food web structure with forest gap formation as investigated in the framework of the Forest Gap Experiment (FOX) of the three Biodiversity Exploratories. The project refines and extends results of the previous phases of the Exploratories on the structure of soil animal food webs of forests of different land-use intensity / forest management by focussing on consequences of strong disturbances. Four work packages (WPs) will be investigated. WP1 analyses data over a period of 12 years taken at three year intervals (2008 – 2020) across the three Exploratories on the density, biomass and community structure of soil meso- and macrofauna invertebrates; the study aims at exploring driving factors of the long-term dynamics of soil animal communities and food web structure in forests differing in land-use intensity / forest management. WP2 focuses on investigating changes in soil animal communities and food web structure due to strong disturbances (gap formation, deadwood placement) as investigated in the framework of the FOX experiment. WP3 focuses on analysing energy channelling through soil animal food webs as affected by gap formation and placement of deadwood based on compound–specific amino acid analysis as well as bulk stable isotope analysis. WP4 explores community assembly processes of two main soil mesofauna taxa, Collembola and Oribatida, using community phylogenetics; combining community phylogenetics with trait-based approaches it aims at identifying mechanisms responsible for the assembly of soil animal communities as affected by gap formation and deadwood placement. Results of the study will (1) allow to understand the structure and dynamics of forest soil animal food webs in unprecedented detail, and extend modelling these food webs including changes in time and due to strong disturbances (WP1, WP2), (2) gain insight into the sensitivity of belowground food webs of forests to strong disturbances (WP2, WP3), (3) use novel methodologies to unravel the channelling of energy through soil food webs and its modification by strong disturbances (WP3), and (4) explore assembly processes of decomposer soil invertebrate communities and their modification by strong disturbances (WP4). Overall the project will allow understanding the structure of forest soil food webs, their variations in space and time, and their structuring forces in unprecedented detail, thereby forming an essential component of the variations in the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems with diversity and human impact as investigated in the framework of the Biodiversity Exploratories.