Bidirectional Inductive Charging Systems: Design Strategies, Simulation-oriented Shielding Optimization and Electromagnetic Field Dosimetry

用于电动汽车的感应式无线电力传输系统旨在简化储能系统的充电过程，并且已经作为真实的原型进行了测试。然而，基本概念不包括电动和混合动力电动车辆作为能源网的中间能量存储系统的预期可能用途。在这里，双向感应充电系统所需的技术基础还不充分。本研究的目的是在未来的适用性和技术性能方面获得双向感应电能传输系统的设计规则。这还包括这些系统与电子系统或车辆内外人员的电磁兼容性。需要磁屏蔽系统来确保维持现有的监管限制。由于现代汽车车身中使用的轻质材料的高功率密度和低电导率的组合，可能会出现特定的问题。本研究提案的重点是与感应充电系统的这种屏蔽配置的技术模拟及其有效性相关的基础研究，重点是开发和使用高功率密度和低电导率的方法。为了设计和优化感应充电系统，需要采用数值模拟方法进行环境电磁兼容性评估。在这项研究建议中，我们的目标是改进和扩展现有的模拟方法，改进的数值电磁剂量模拟，使磁屏蔽结构的计算机辅助优化成为可能。这一建议的科学挑战在于这些电磁场问题的多尺度特性，因为必须在电磁环境（例如车身）的复杂几何三维表示中考虑薄且轻的屏蔽结构，这些结构的内部和外部还具有高分辨率的身体幻影。所需的建模假设的验证是可能的不同的磁屏蔽结构的计划测量。

Inductive wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicles are designed to simplify the charging process of energy storage systems and are already tested as real life prototypes. The underlying concept, however, does not include the intended possible use of electric and hybrid electric vehicles as intermediate energy storage systems for the energy grid. Here, the required technical foundations for bidirectional inductive charging systems are not sufficiently available yet. The goal of this research proposal aims at getting design rules of bidirectional inductive power transfer systems with respect to future applicability and technological performance. This also includes aspects of the electromagnetic compatibility of these systems related either to electronic systems or to persons in and outside the vehicles. Magnetic shielding systems are required to ensure that existing regulatory restrictions are maintained. Specific problems can occur due to the combination of high power densities and low electric conductivities of lightweight materials used in modern car bodies.This research proposal focusses on fundamental research related to technical simulations of such shielding configurations for inductive charging systems and their effectivity by concentrating on the development and use of methods for high-fidelity numerical field simulations and measurements of such shielding structures.For the design and optimization of inductive charging systems, the numerical field simulation method is required for the environmental electromagnetic compatibility assessment. In this research proposal, we aim to improve and extend existing simulation methods for an improved numerical electromagnetic dosimetry simulations such that a computer-aided optimization of magnetic shielding structures becomes possible. The scientific challenge of this proposal lies in the multiscale character of these electromagnetic field problems as thin and lightweight shielding structures have to be considered in complex geometric three-dimensional representations of the electromagnetic environment (e.g. car bodies) featuring also high-resolution body phantoms inside and outside these structures. The validation of the required modelling assumptions is possible with the planned measurements of different magnetic shielding structures.