Evolution of the Drosophila simulans proteome in response to adaptation to a novel temperature environment

了解生物如何适应新的环境是进化生物学的基本问题之一。随着等位基因频率的变化，可以在基因组中追踪适应，这会引发下游的适应反应。对这些适应性反应背后的分子机制的详细了解对于将基因型与表型联系起来至关重要。温度是一个主要的环境因素，会影响各种生理和行为反应，特别是像果蝇这样的体温过高的动物。对新的热环境的适应是在多个分子水平上检测到的，例如基因组、转录组和蛋白质组。这个拟议的项目开创了将蛋白质组学与实验进化相结合来研究与温度适应有关的蛋白质的先河。蛋白质组学特别适合于表征分子表型反应，因为蛋白质是几乎所有生物过程中的关键分子。我们将研究模拟果蝇种群，这些种群分别经历了超过50代和100代以上的两种不同的热环境。这些群体可用的基因组和转录资源为我们提供了进行综合数据分析的独特机会，以前所未有的详细研究适应性反应，以表征致病基因和下游选择目标。我们将研究以下问题：1.温度适应如何影响蛋白质丰度？2.温度适应如何影响转录组和蛋白质组？3.转录组和蛋白质组数据的整合是否有助于更好地理解温度适应的分子机制？4.转录组和蛋白质组数据是否提高了适应的基因组特征的分辨率？

Understanding how organisms adapt to novel environments is one of the fundamental questions in evolutionary biology. Adaptation can be traced in the genome as allele frequency changes, which elicit downstream adaptive responses. Detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptive responses is vital to connect the genotype to the phenotype. Temperature is a major environmental factor and affects various physiological and behavioral responses, especially in ectothermic animals like Drosophila. Adaptation to new thermal environments is detectable at multiple molecular levels, e.g. genome, transcriptome and proteome. The proposed project pioneers the use of proteomics in combination with experimental evolution to study proteins involved in temperature adaptation. Proteomics is especially suitable for characterizing molecular phenotypic responses, as proteins are the key molecules in almost all biological processes. We will study Drosophila simulans populations that have been exposed to two different thermal regimes for over 50 and over 100 generations, respectively. Genomic and transcriptomic resources available for these populations give us the unique opportunity to perform an integrated data analysis, studying adaptive responses in unprecedented detail to characterize causative genes and downstream targets of selection. We will investigate the following questions: 1. How does temperature adaptation affect protein abundance? 2. How does temperature adaptation affect the transcriptome and the proteome? 3. Does the integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature adaptation? 4. Do transcriptomic and proteomic data improve the resolution of genomic signatures of adaptation?