Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Compositions of the Groundwater and Surface Runoff in the Jordan Rift Valley (Case Study for Ramallah Jerusalem Sub-basin)

由于中东地区的水资源稀缺，管理办法和最佳水分配政策应着眼于保护这些资源的质量，同时利用所有常规和非常规来源。这项工作的目的是评估不同的人为和自然流出物对研究区部分水循环的影响，从高山补给带的降水开始，然后是溪流和沟渠径流，最后是约旦河谷水井和泉水的渗漏地下水。这一主要目标将通过全面评估不同倾倒地点、废水流和行业对系统造成污染的潜在点源和非点源来实现。这主要是通过对地表水和地下水中的主要成分进行空间和临时采样和监测来实现的。其目的是在这项工作中利用空间和计算能力进行数据评价和评估，特别是跟踪污染指标的时间和空间趋势以及淡水与其他污染物流的混合情况，并以互动方式将这项工作的一般产出后处理为该地区相关机构可读的格式。这项工作的结果将使经济和环境评估能够优化拉马拉-耶路撒冷次盆地的淡水消耗。此外，还可以对环境后果进行现实的评估。

Since the water resources in the Middle East area is scarce, management options and optimal water allocation policies should aim at protecting the quality of these resources while making use of all the conventional and non-conventional sources. This work aims at assessing the impact of different anthropogenic and natural effluent to a part of the water cycle in the study area beginning with the precipitation in the zone of recharge in the upper mountains followed by the streams and wadis runoff and ending by the percolated groundwater from the wells and springs in the Jordan rift valley. This main objective will be achieved by an overall assessment of the potential point and non-point sources of pollution contributing to the system from different dumping sites, wastewater streams and industries. This mainly could be achieved through sampling and monitoring the main constituents in surface and groundwater spatially and temporarily. The intent is to utilize spatial and computational capabilities in this work for data evaluations and assessments, in particular for tracing the temporal and spatial trends of pollution indicators as well as the mixing of freshwater with other pollutants streams, and conceivably to post-process the general outputs from this work into a format that is readable by the related institutes in the area in an interactive manner. The outcome of this work will enable the economic and environmental assessment to optimizing the freshwater consuming in Ramallah-Jerusalem sub-basin. In addition, the environmental consequences can be realistically evaluated.