St. Engelbert (Cologne)A catholic community center under an expressionistic concrete shell roof

圣恩格尔伯特(科隆-里尔)是20世纪教会建筑的著名范例。它的表现主义造型和双弧形混凝土贝壳被认为是Dominikus Böhm的伟大成就。许多出版物都提到了这座教堂，但缺乏对这座建筑的专题性和综合性方法。该项目将基于对所有现有文件的系统评估和对这座建筑的调查。文件也可以在作为科隆历史城市档案馆一部分的Böhm档案馆、科隆大主教管区历史档案馆和圣恩格尔伯特教区档案馆中找到。尤其是后一个问题被完全忽视了。有必要对这座建筑进行详细的调查和准确的记录，因为执行的项目没有历史或现代图纸，也没有它的现状。结合对档案文件的分析和建筑记录的方法，将有可能制定出该建筑所有变化的准确年表。这一点特别重要，因为Dominikus Böhm制定的原始设计方案并未完全执行。尤其是地下室的房间条件各异，必须进行检查：只有一个房间在20世纪30年代的第一个施工阶段完工，而其他房间仍然是一座未完工建筑的外壳。在第二次世界大战期间增加了一个防空洞后，最初的计划无法实现，因此主要部分只能通过简单的设计方法来使用，而其中一个房间保持未完成的状态。首先，将对双弧形混凝土贝壳进行精确的几何分析，以重新评估圣恩格尔伯特在建筑建筑史上的重要性，并特别关注混凝土建筑的早期阶段。它还旨在澄清教堂的设计是工程和结构设计的成果，还是对拱顶历史设计原则的适应性应用的结果。第二个方面将是对功能方案的分析。圣恩格尔伯特应该被视为天主教教区中心的早期例子，在这个中心里，社区生活的所有领域都聚集在一栋建筑里。由于许多房间只完成了一部分，这方面还没有考虑到。从一个具体例子的分析开始，20世纪初的类型学发展将被审查，并与当代天主教改革运动联系起来。

St. Engelbert (Cologne-Riehl) is a well known example of 20th century ecclesiastical architecture. Its expressionistic shape and  the double cambered concrete shells are considered to be a great achievement by Dominikus Böhm. The church is mentioned in numerous publications, yet a monographical and comprehensive approach to the building is absent.The project will be based on a systematical evaluation of all existing documents and a survey of the building. Documents can be  found in the Böhm Archive, being part of the Historical City Archive of Cologne, as well as in the Historical Archive of the Archdiocese of Cologne and in the Parochial Archive of St. Engelbert. Especially the latter one has been entirely overlooked. A detailed survey and a precise documentation of the building is necessary, because there are no historical or modern drawings of  the executed project, neither of its current state.Combining the analysis of archival documents and methods of architectural documentation, it will be possible to develop a precise chronology of all alterations of the building. This is of particular importance as the original design scheme developed by Dominikus Böhm was not entirely executed. Especially the rooms in the basement are of varying conditions and have to be examined: Only one room was finished during the first construction phase of the 1930s, while the others remained as a shell of an unfinished building. After the addition of an air-raid shelter during World War II the original plans could not be realised and for that reason the main parts have been rendered usable only by simple design methods, while one room stayed unaltered in unfinished condition.Overall the project deals with two aspects. First, there will be a precise geometrical analysis of the double cambered concrete  shells in order to re-evaluate the importance of St. Engelbert for the history of building construction, with a special focus on  the early phase of concrete constructions. It is also intended to clarify wether the design of the church is an achievement of  engineering and structural design or the result of an adaptive application of historical design principles for vaults.The second aspect will be the analysis of the functional scheme. St. Engelbert has to be regarded as an early example of a catholic parochial center, in which all areas of community life are gathered in one building. Since many of the rooms were only partially completed, this aspect has not been considered yet. Starting with the analysis of a specific example, the typological development for the beginning of the 20th century will be examined and contextualised with contemporary catholic reform movements.