The Formation and Evolution of resonant planetary Systems

到目前为止，已经发现了2600多个系外行星系统，其中包含3500多颗行星。这个大的系外行星样本为我们提供了对多行星系统的轨道特性进行详细统计分析的可能性，这是这项拟议研究的重点。行星在原行星盘中形成，原行星与原行星之间的引力相互作用将导致其轨道元素的变化和演化。因此，圆盘和嵌入的行星的结合、耦合演化决定了行星系统的最终动态结果和我们今天可以观察到的配置。在行星的微分径向迁移的情况下，一个常见的结果是形成共振构型，其中行星的轨道周期具有整数比。这确实在许多系统中被观察到，有时甚至涉及三个甚至四个行星的更复杂的共振被观察到。然而，共振系统的总数比预期的要少，邻近行星的周期比分布相当平滑，但在名义共振位置之外显示出特殊的增强。本提案的目标是了解系外行星整个样本的轨道元素的总体分布，以及创建具有令人兴奋的轨道动力学的特殊单个系统的进化史。为了实现这一目标，我们计划执行耦合流体动力学和n体模拟，将与现有观测数据集进行详细比较，并为分析Gaia和PLATO数据做准备。

As of today over 2600 exoplanetary systems that contain over 3500 planets have been discovered. This large sample of exoplanets provides us with the possibility to perform detailed statistical analyses of the orbital properties of the multi-planet systems that lie in the focus of this proposed research. Planets form in protoplanetary disks and gravitational interactions between the disk matter and the growing protoplanets will lead to a change and evolution of their orbital elements. Hence, it is the combined, coupled evolution of the disk and the embedded planets that determine the final dynamical outcome of planetary systems and the configurations that we can observe today. In case of differential radial migration of the planets a common outcome is the formation of resonant configurations, in which the orbital periods of the planets have an integer ratio. This is indeed observed for many systems and sometimes even more complex resonances involving three or even four planets are observed. However, the overall numbers of resonant systems is smaller than what might have been expected, and the period-ratio distribution of neighboring planets is rather smooth but displays peculiar enhancements just outside the nominal resonant locations. It is the goal of this proposal to understand the overall distribution of orbital elements of the whole sample of exoplanets as well as creating evolutionary histories of special individual systems with exciting orbital dynamics. To achieve this goal we plan to perform coupled hydrodynamical and N-body simulations that will be compared in detail with the available observational data sets and prepare for analyses of Gaia and PLATO data.