SHINE: The Evolution of Coronal Dimmings and Their Relationship to Eruptive Phenomena

日冕物质抛射（CME）是行星际空间中巨大的等离子体气泡，包含强烈的磁场和过热的日冕粒子。了解日冕物质抛射的演变尤为重要，因为它们是严重空间天气的主要驱动力。CME结构的低日冕部分被称为日冕变暗：一个由短暂的开放磁场主导的区域，随着磁场被拖到行星际空间而增长和衰减。为了从整体上理解日冕物质抛射的演化，我们必须结合日冕物质抛射的形态及其物理性质，从日冕一直到地球，研究暗物质的演化。该项目将利用太阳动力学观测卫星（SDO）和日地关系观测卫星（STEREO），通过最初的50个事件来研究CME和调光演化。CME的形态和磁结构也将使用势场源表面和分级圆柱壳模型进行研究。将在太阳风数据中确定日冕物质抛射的性质，并将其与地球上的地磁扰动值联系起来。另外150个暗点将被添加到事件目录中，并与CME太阳风特性和地球上的地磁观测有关。该项目将支持一名女科学家，NSF赞助的REU学生和NOAA赞助的Hollings暑期学生将负责数据准备和测试。调光事件目录将作为大地球数据计划项目的一部分公开提供，以改善对关键数据的快速和长期访问，以支持研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are colossal plasma bubbles in the interplanetary space that contain intense magnetic fields and superheated coronal particles. Understanding CME evolution is particularly important as they are major drivers of severe space weather. The low-corona segment of the CME structure is known as the coronal dimming: an area dominated by short-lived open magnetic field that grows and decays as the magnetic field is dragged out into interplanetary space. To understand CME evolution as a whole, one has to study the evolution of dimmings in conjunction with the CME morphology and its physical properties from the solar corona all the way to the Earth. This project will investigate the CME and dimming evolution through initial 50 events using solar observing satellites including Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO). The CME morphology and magnetic structure will also be investigated using the Potential Field Source Surface and Graduated Cylindrical Shell models. The CME properties will be identified in the solar wind data and linked to geomagnetic disturbance values on Earth. Another 150 dimmings will be added to the event catalog and related to CME solar wind properties and geomagnetic observations on Earth. The project will support a female scientist and NSF-sponsored REU students and NOAA-sponsored Hollings summer students will be responsible for data preparation and testing. The dimming event catalog will be made publicly available as part of the Big Earth Data Initiative project to improve rapid and long-term access to key data to support research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.