Integrated 3D structural, thermal, gravity and rheological modeling of the Alps and their forelands -INTEGRATE

该项目的目的是更好地了解阿尔卑斯山造山带及其前缘之下的地壳和最上地幔，并检验关于俯冲系统配置以及形变和地震活动分布的不同假说。因此，我们计划将迄今为止公开获得的关于沉积物和结晶壳性质(几何形状、地震速度和密度)的地球科学观测与地壳下地幔中的地震非均质性整合到一个一致的基于数据的三维结构模型中，该模型解决了组成造山带和前陆的单元的物理性质的一阶对比。导出的结构模型将受到使用新岩石学概念的3D重力建模和数字表面密度模型(3D)的约束。因此，所产生的密度模型将通过高分辨率的地球重/磁场汇编以及现代卫星数据、重力梯度和磁场数据进行验证。这种组合模型将为其他类型的数据处理提供参考，是破译深层次质量变化如何影响造山带演化的关键一步。除了研究现有的岩石圈均衡模型外，这些3D模型还将用于估计GPE(重力势能)和应力，并将随着即将到来的AlpArray地震学数据的使用而不断扩展。另一个应用是根据关于地壳和地幔组成的岩石学假设，推导出岩石圈温度场。这是为了研究区域热流进入阿尔卑斯山及其前陆盆地的影响和挠曲制度随时间的变化，这决定了山带动态演化的响应。从这些三维密度热模型和岩性模型出发，将在应力场和变形场的背景下推导和讨论综合强度。该项目为征集建议的主题3和4作出贡献：关于主题3：造山过程中地壳和地幔的变形，该项目将提供不同地壳单元和岩石圈地幔的配置以及造山带-前陆系统的均衡和流变条件。关于主题4：运动模式和地震活动，拟议项目的成果将有助于确定与流变结构有关的断层和地震活动的空间模式、整个系统的弯曲刚性变化以及地壳和岩石圈地幔中物理性质的对比分布。根据该项目的区域性特点，该项目与战略计划的不同活动领域建立了联系，并与战略计划的许多工作组不断交流成果，以支持数据处理和解释。

The aim of this project is to obtain a better understanding of the crust and the uppermost mantle beneath the Alpine orogen and its forelands and to test different hypotheses on the configuration of the subduction system as well as on the distribution of deformation and seismicity. Therefore we plan to integrate the geoscientific observations publicly available so far on properties of the sediments and the crystalline crust (geometry, seismic velocities, and densities) with seismologically derived heterogeneities in the sub-crustal mantle into a consistent data-based 3D structural model that resolves the first order contrasts in physical properties of the units composing the orogen and the forelands. The derived structural model will be constrained by 3D gravity modelling using new petrological concepts and a digital surface density model (3D). Therefore, the resulting density model will be validated by a high-resolution terrestrial gravity/magnetic field compilation and modern satellite data, gravity gradients and magnetic field data. Such a combined model will provide a reference for other types of data processing and is a crucial step forward in deciphering how deep-seated mass changes affect the evolution of the orogen. These 3D models will be used for estimates of GPE (gravitational potential energy) and stresses in addition to investigations of existing isostasy models of the lithosphere and will continuously be extended with the use of the upcoming AlpArray seismological data. A further application is to derive a lithospheric temperature field based on petrological assumptions on the composition of the crust and mantle. This is done to study the effect of regional heat-flow into the Alps and their foreland basins and the flexural regime changes through time, which govern the response to the dynamic evolution of the mountain belt. Starting from these 3D density thermal and lithology models, the integrated strength will be derived and discussed in the context of stress and deformation fields. The project contributes to Themes 3 and 4 of the call for proposals: For Theme 3: deformation of the crust and mantle during mountain building, the project will provide the configuration of the different crustal units and of the lithospheric mantle and the isostatic and rheological conditions of the orogen-foreland system. For Theme 4: motion patterns and seismicity, the outcome of the proposed project will support identifying spatial patterns of faulting and seismicity in relation to the rheological configuration, the variations of flexural rigidity across the system and the distribution of contrasts in physical properties in the crust as well as the lithospheric mantle. In response to its regional character, the project links with the different activity fields of the SPP and a continuous exchange of results with many working groups in the SPP will support data processing and interpretation.