The visitors of the Alte and Neue Museum in Berlin 1830 -1880

虽然我们现在对即将在柏林建造的第一批两个博物馆--阿尔特博物馆和纽埃博物馆--的建筑、藏品历史和它们的展示以及它们的基础思想都很了解，但我们当时对这些机构的参观者的了解正好相反。最初的时期尤其如此。这引出了本研究项目的主题。目的是识别柏林最早的两个美术馆，阿尔特美术馆(1822-1830)和新美术馆(1841-1859)的参观者，它们的原始博物馆布局。打算讨论的问题是，阿尔特和纽埃博物馆的这些博物馆布置针对的是谁，参观者是如何看待它们的？第二个目的是弄清楚参观博物馆的公众是否主要来自文化精英，或者参观人数是否也包括不太富裕的社会阶层的代表。至于研究的内容，主要问题是博物馆在多大程度上履行了其以人为本的原则，以及它们用来接近公众的手段。问题的另一面也将被探讨，即参观者在多大程度上回应了博物馆官员可能提出的教学问题，哪些展品特别吸引他们，这些偏好是否随着时间的推移而改变，如果是，原因和时间。这种方法应该会导致柏林最初两个美术馆对原始布局的全面接受历史。由于应用艺术的收藏、史前收藏和民族志收藏从19世纪80年代开始从Neue博物馆外包，导致对原始概念的严重侵蚀，该项目将集中在1830至1880年间。我们掌握的研究表明，柏林Alte博物馆和Neue博物馆的博物馆官员都被说服了他们博物馆布局的道德提升功能。这项研究建议旨在对这些迄今尚未进行的高尚道德主张进行系统的审查。这项研究将为博物馆历史领域的国际历史学家提供重要的新信息，大大增加对这些机构公众的当代研究。

While we are by now well-informed about the architecture, the history of the collections and their presentation in the first two Museums to be built in Berlin, the Alte and the Neue Museum, as well as the ideas underlying their foundation, the opposite is the case with our knowledge of the visitors to these institutions at that time. This is especially the case with the initial period. This leads to the subject of this research project. The aim is to identify the visitors of the two first Art Museums in Berlin, the Alte (1822-1830) and the Neue Museum (1841-1859), in their original museum layout. The issues intend to discuss are, who were these museum arrangements at the Alte and Neue Museum aimed at and how were they perceived by the visitors? The second object is to discover out whether the public for the museum came predominantly from a cultural elite or whether attendance also included representatives of less well-off social classes. With regard to the contents of the study, the main question is the extent to which the museums lived up to their principled humanist programme and the means they used to approach their public.The opposite side of the question will also be explored, namely the degree to which visitors responded to the possibly pedagogical concerns of the museum officials, what exhibits appealed to them in particular and whether these preferences changed over time and, if so, why and when. This approach should result in a comprehensive history of the reception of the original layout of the first two Art Museums in Berlin.Because the collections of the applied arts, the prehistoric and the ethnographic collections were outsourced from the Neue Museum from the 1880s onwards, resulting in drastic encroachments on the original concepts, this project will concentrate on the period between 1830 and 1880.The studies at our disposal show that the museum officials of both the Alte and Neue Museum in Berlin were persuaded of the morally uplifting function of their museum layouts. This research proposal aims at a systematic examination of these high moral claims, something that has hitherto not been carried out.This study will provide important new information for international historians in the field of museum history, substantially adding to contemporary research into the public of these institutions.