Resilient in Adversity. The European Nobility in the Age of Revolution 1760-1830.

弹性是指一个系统、一个企业或一个人在急剧变化的环境中保持其核心目标和完整性的能力。在分析革命欧洲旧政权(1760-1830)缓慢而渐进的侵蚀时，韧性的概念似乎比阿尔诺·梅耶尔关于漫长的十九世纪贵族精英的经典著作中描述的静态和被动的坚持概念更合适。事实上，复原力的概念本身结合了变化、适应能力和脆弱性的各个方面，为正在进行的进程提供了一个更加微妙和多方面的观点。此外，莱因哈特·科塞莱克的多重时间性理论和Sattelzeit的概念--18世纪和19世纪的过渡时期--为比较欧洲贵族所采用的增强复原力的策略、思想和网络提供了坚实的理论框架。该项目旨在填补一个长期存在的研究空白，旨在调查欧洲贵族在Sattelzeit时期为克服逆境而表现出的韧性。它将考察社会和智力层面，特别是关注政治话语、家庭战略和君主制忠诚之间的复杂互动。方法论方法将人口学方法与定性分析相结合。一方面，该项目将从长期的角度考虑关键的变革因素，研究一群来自丹麦、皮埃蒙特、葡萄牙和萨克森的有影响力的贵族家庭。另一方面，它将揭示合法性的话语、跨国经历以及贵族网络在戏剧性的政治危机和革命期间增强韧性的活动。大卫·坎纳丁为英国贵族假设的衰落和衰落的范式对欧洲大陆有意义吗？当然，自由主义和革命性的思想和网络越来越多地传播到整个欧洲；然而，与此同时，旧精英们积极面临着补充或重新发明维持先前政治秩序的制度、文化和社会理由的挑战。君主制忠诚的统一论述--一种军事和贵族习惯以及家长制、宗教传统和公共服务精神--在19世纪继续塑造着复原力。贵族精英们只要认为自己能够控制革命，就做出了巨大的努力来领导政治和文化变革。这个项目旨在证明，欧洲贵族和君主制国家的韧性是革命时代变革的关键因素。

Resilience is the capacity of a system, an enterprise or a person to maintain its core purpose and integrity during dramatically changing circumstances. In analyzing the very slow and gradual erosion of the Old Regime in Revolutionary Europe (1760-1830), the notion of resilience seems more adequate than the static and passive concept of persistence, as described in Arno Mayer's classic work on the aristocratic elites in the long nineteenth century. The idea itself of resilience in fact combines dimensions of change, adaptability and vulnerability, offering a much more nuanced and multi-faceted view of the ongoing process. Furthermore, Reinhart Kosellecks theory of multiple temporalities and the concept of Sattelzeit - the transitional period between the eighteenth and the nineteenth century - provides a solid theoretical framework for comparing resilience-strengthening strategies, ideas and networks employed by the European nobilities.The project aims at filling a long lasting research gap and intends to investigate the resilience shown by European aristocracies during the Sattelzeit in order to overcome adversity. It will examine both social and intellectual dimensions, especially focusing on the complex interaction between political discourses, family strategies and monarchic loyalty. The methodological approach combines prosopographic methods with qualitative analysis. On the one hand, the project will take into account crucial agents of change from a longue durée perspective, studying a group of influential aristocratic families from Denmark, Piedmont, Portugal and Saxony. On the other hand, it will shed light on discourses of legitimacy, on transnational experiences and on resilience-strengthening activities of aristocratic networks during dramatic political crisis and revolutions.Is the paradigm of decline and fall that David Cannadine assumed for the British aristocracy a meaningful reference for continental Europe? Certainly, liberal and revolutionary ideas and networks increasingly spread throughout Europe; however, in the meantime, old elites actively faced the challenge of complementing or reinventing the institutional, cultural and social justification that sustained the previous political order. The consolidated discourse of monarchical loyalty - a military and aristocratic habitus along with paternalism, religious traditions and public service ethos - continued to shape resilience during the nineteenth century. The aristocratic elites made strong efforts to lead political and cultural transformations as long as they presumed to be able to control the revolution. This project aims to attest that the resilience of the European nobility and the monarchical state was a crucial agent of change in the Age of Revolution.