Memoria Apostolorum. Apostolic Figures in Early Christian Memory (1st-3rd centuries)

早期基督教文学（1 - 3世纪，从保罗的信件到使徒行传）表现出对使徒人物的持续兴趣，作为叙事人物和伪圣经作者。本项目旨在从记忆理论的角度来理解使徒人物的这些文学特征（不仅仅是“十二使徒”，而是彼得，保罗，约翰，托马斯，安得烈，菲利普，詹姆斯[西庇太的儿子]，利未/马太，犹大，加略人犹大，马提亚，詹姆斯[耶稣的兄弟]，抹大拉的玛丽，巴拿巴，莎乐美，玛丽和马大，以及作为一个群体的十二使徒）。扬·阿斯曼的“文化记忆”概念以及皮埃尔·诺拉关于“记忆之乡”是集体或文化记忆的浓缩，有助于确认当前的群体身份的思想，都提供了有用的理论基础。因此，“记忆”被理解为对过去的有意提及，其形式是由于现在的利益和关注：对过去的记忆采取了对现在有意义的形式。正是在这个意义上，使徒人物的代表作为早期基督教文化记忆的浓缩而脱颖而出。然而，这一项目需要对“文化记忆”的概念进行一些修改，因为世纪的基督教是希腊化和罗马世界的一个亚文化。它与整个社会的关系有待谈判。因此，该项目的重点是一个古老的亚文化的文化记忆。在这方面，该项目为正在进行的文化研究话语做出了贡献。来源是世纪中期之前的早期基督教文本，其中以上述使徒人物为特色。其目的是使图片尽可能全面，包括新约，基督教伪经，使徒的父亲，辩护士和异端，但也文本的“异端”团体，只保留在片段的作品，后来的作者，如尤西比乌斯和埃皮法尼乌斯。这项调查对著名的使徒，如彼得或保罗，产生了截然不同的印象。这些差异，反过来，提供了宝贵的见解，内部多元化的早期基督教。结果将被提供在既定的学术出版物，以及更广泛的公众。

Early Christian Literature (1st-3rd century, from Paul's letters to the Apocryphal Acts of Apostles) shows a sustained interest in apostolic figures, as narrative characters and as pseudepigraphic authors. This project sets out to understand these literary characterizations of apostolic figures (not simply "the Twelve Apostles", but precisely Peter, Paul, John, Thomas, Andrew, Philipp, James [Son of Zebedee], Levi/Matthew, Jude, Judas Iscariot, Matthias, James [Brother of Jesus], Mary Magdalene, Barnabas, Salome, Mary and Martha, and the Twelve as a group) in terms of a theory of memory. Useful theoretical foundations are available in Jan Assmann's concept of "cultural memory", as well as in Pierre Nora's thoughts about the "lieux de mémoire" being condensations of collective or cultural memory that serve to affirm group identity in the present. "Memory" is thus understood as intentional reference to the past, the shape of which is due to the interests and concerns of the present: Memory of the past takes a shape that makes sense to the present. It is in this sense that representations of apostolic figures stand out as condensations of early Christian cultural memory. However, this project requires some modification of the concept of "cultural memory", since Christianity in the 1st-3rd century was a subculture within the Hellenistic and Roman world. Its relationship to society at large was to be negotiated. The project's focus is, therefore, on the cultural memory of an ancient subculture. In this respect the project offers a contribution to the ongoing discourse in cultural studies.Sources are early Christian texts up to the mid-3rd century which feature the apostolic figures mentioned above. The objective is to make the picture as comprehensive as possible, including the New Testament, Christian Apocrypha, Apostolic Fathers, Apologists and Heresiologists, but also texts of "heretical" groups that are only preserved in fragments in the works of later authors like Eusebius and Epiphanius. The survey yields quite different profiles of prominent apostles, like Peter or Paul. These differences, in turn, offer valuable insights into the inner plurality of early Christianity.Result will be made accessible in established academic publications, as well as for a broader public.