The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP): East-West Cooperation despite System Competition (1970s)

该项目的目的是研究苏联霸权和社会主义科学组织条件下合作与竞争的特点。在研究小组内，该项目将有助于讨论不同政治，经济和科学背景下的合作与竞争。我们专注于集团内部在空间研究方面的合作，该合作始于20世纪60年代中期，在Interkoven计划的框架内。苏联的国际合作计划常常被看作是苏联的一个政治工具。然而，我们也对其他有关国家的观点感兴趣，特别是民主德国和捷克斯洛伐克，我们调查他们的行动范围。此外，该项目还将分析这种合作的经济层面、其运作及其对国家科学和技术系统的影响。基于研究小组关于合作与竞争共存的假设，它还研究了不同层次上的竞争格局--不同学科之间、Interkopathy的单个成员之间或集团之间。除了Interkoetum，我们还将包括其他科学学科的合作实例，以详细探讨中东欧社会主义国家的行动范围。

The aim of the proposed project is to investigate the characteristics of cooperation and competition under the conditions of Soviet hegemony and socialist organization of science. Within the research group, the project will contribute to the discussion of cooperation and competition in different political, economic, and scientific contexts. We focus on the intra-bloc cooperation in space research, which started in the mid- 1960s within the framework of the Interkosmos program. The Interkosmos program is often seen merely as a political instrument of the Soviet Union. However, we are also interested in the perspective of the other involved countries, in particular the GDR and Czechoslovakia, and we investigate their scope for action. Furthermore, the project will analyze the economic dimension of this cooperation, its functioning, and its consequences for the national science and technology systems. Based on the research group’s assumption of the coexistence of cooperation and competition, it also looks into the competitive constellations on different levels - between the various disciplines, between the individual members of Interkosmos, or across the bloc divide. In addition to Interkosmos, we will include some examples of cooperation from other scientific disciplines to explore in detail the scope for action of socialist countries in East Central Europe.