Quantifying the concentration of land ownership and trade-offs in agriculture

对农业用地的竞争日益激烈，导致地价上涨，平均农场规模扩大，土地所有权更加集中，土地利用更加密集。虽然更高的土地利用集约度提高了农业产量，但集约化也与负面环境影响和农村就业机会减少有关。在这个项目中，我们评估了日益激烈的土地竞争的两个关键结果：首先，我们研究了土地所有权的集中及其与土地使用的关联，以及所有权集中度较高是否与农业用地价格扭曲有关。我们将利用官方地籍数据量化和绘制所有权模式及其变化，通过宗地级土地所有权和地块级土地利用的交叉计算自有和租赁土地的份额，并使用匹配的统计数据来检验所有权集中是否影响地价。其次，我们探讨了土地竞争如何影响生物多样性和农村就业。为此，我们将使用空间优化工具量化作物产量、生物多样性和农村就业之间的权衡。这三个目标的空间优化允许沿着帕累托边界生成和绘制帕累托有效解。我们将研究不同所有权特征、农场规模以及传统农场和有机农场之间的权衡如何变化。该项目将以精细空间分辨率瞄准德国联邦勃兰登堡州的所有农业用地。勃兰登堡是一个考察日益激烈的土地竞争影响的有趣案例，因为该州的特点是柏林的消费者对地区性来源的有机产品的需求日益增长，拥有大量的陆基生物能源，以及大量用于自然保护的土地。项目成果将在大范围精细、多维数据集的地理空间分析方面取得亟需的方法学进展，增进对土地资源竞争激烈的区域的土地系统动态的了解，并对与政策有关的土地利用成果产生突出的见解。我们将首次生成农业所有权模式、共有和租赁土地的完整地图，并确定和描述土地使用的权衡。我们的项目是高度跨学科的，位于农业经济学、可持续发展科学、土地系统科学和地球信息科学的交界处。因此，我们从拟议研究股的协作中受益匪浅，并将以空间数据和地质统计学专门知识补充其他次级项目。

Growing competition for agricultural land has resulted in rising land prices, larger average farm sizes, and a higher concentration of land ownership and more intense land use. While higher land-use intensity raised agricultural output, the intensification has also been associated with negative environmental effects and reduced rural employments opportunities. In this project we assess two key outcomes of the growing competition for land: First, we examine the concentration of land ownership, its association with land use, and if higher ownership concentration is associated with distorted prices for agricultural land. We will use official cadastral data to quantify and map ownership patterns and their changes, calculate the share of owned and rented land by intersecting parcel-level land ownership with plot-level land use, and use matching statistics to examine if ownership concentration has affected land prices. Second, we explore how the competition for land affected biodiversity and rural employment. To do so, we will quantify the trade-offs between crop yields, biodiversity, and rural employment using spatially optimization tools. The spatial optimisation of the three objectives allows to generate and map pareto-efficient solutions along a pareto frontier. We will examine how the trade-offs vary for different ownership characteristics, farm sizes, and between conventional and organic farms. The project will target all agricultural land in the federal state of Brandenburg in Germany at fine spatial resolution. Brandenburg is an interesting case to examine the effects of rising land competition because the state is characterised by a growing demand from consumers in Berlin for regionally sourced and organic products, has a substantial production of land-based bioenergy, and a large share of land dedicated to nature conservation. The project outcomes will provide much-needed methodological advances in geospatial analysis of fine-scale, multidimensional datasets for large areas, advance the knowledge about land-system dynamics in a region that experiences high competition for land resources, and produce salient insights on policy-relevant land-use outcomes. We will generate, for the first time, wall-to-wall maps of ownership patterns in agriculture, the share owned and rented lands, and identify and characterize land-use trade-offs. Our project is highly interdisciplinary, situated at the interface between agricultural economics, sustainability science, land system science, and geoinformation science. Hence we greatly benefit from collaboration in the proposed research unit and will supplement other subprojects with spatial data and geostatistical expertise.