Social Change and the Everyday Practice of Dealing with Difference in the City: Banal Transgression in Allotment Gardens

计划中的项目旨在将社会不平等的视角与冲突理论的视角联系起来，探讨处理城市差异的日常实践。由于社会不平等以及与之相关的物质和象征商品、正规教育和生活机会的不平等分配，以及基于偏见和歧视的社会排斥，分化过程是社会研究的一个相关问题。该项目将运用布迪厄对社会空间的理解，将其理解为一个关系性的“权力位置空间”，其参与者为社会空间中的位置而斗争。在这些挣扎中，每个人都在处置一套不同的资本，并存在潜在的结构性约束。该项目将专注于差异化的日常实践，特别关注日常“做差异”的背景和机制（Fenstermaker/West），以及用于日常呈现和结构的差异类别。对于城市社会来说，社会异质性一直是基本的，城市一直被期望对社会一体化作出重要贡献。但是，自从20世纪70年代生产部门大量失业以来，一些社会学家担心缺少一种整合模式，担心西方社会的社会鸿沟日益扩大。他们还担心，城市中强大的空间过程中的空间动态可能会加剧现有的社会不平等。因此，当代和未来的城市被描绘成冲突的地方，这使融合变得复杂和阻碍。因此，城市社会学家发现缺乏形式和情况来振兴和发展一个完整的城市社会。计划中的研究与这一诊断有关，使用冲突理论方法，推翻了冲突是解体迹象的假设。社会理论中的冲突理论方法认为冲突对社会至关重要（达伦多夫）。为了澄清城市社会如何处理差异这一紧迫问题，拟议的项目将把注意力转移到“平庸越界”的背景上（Amin）。阿明认为，人们在日常的微观公众中联系和共存，但不可避免地会协商分歧。在这些不可避免的接触中，参与者在一个既不是以家庭也不是以友谊为导向的框架中相互依赖。拟议的项目是对多特蒙德和莱比锡城市的六个分配花园协会的民族志研究。关于城市社会生活，德国的分配花园仍然相当相关。该研究解决了参与者的共存-团聚的日常实践，考虑到他们在分化和冲突过程中的平庸越轨功能。

The planned project aims to connect a perspective on social inequality with a conflict theory perspective on the everyday practices of dealing with difference in the city. Due to social inequality and the related unequal distribution of material and symbolic goods, of formal education and life chances as well as due to social exclusion on the basis of prejudice and discrimination, processes of differentiation are a relevant issue of social research. The project will use Bourdieus understanding of social space as a relational "space of power positions" whose participants struggle for the positions in social space. In these struggles, each one is disposing of a different set of capital and is underlying structural constraints. The project will focus on the everyday practices of differentiation, with special interest for the contexts and mechanisms of the everyday "doing difference" (Fenstermaker/West) as well as for the categories of difference used for the everyday presentations and constructions.For urban societies, social heterogeneity has always been fundamental and cities have always been expected to crucially contribute to social integration. But since the 1970s mass loss of jobs in the productive sector, some sociologists worry about the missing of an integrational mode and about a growing social divide for Western societies. They also fear that spatial dynamics within powerful spatial processes in the city might intensify existing social inequalities. In consequence, contemporary and future cities are sketched as places of conflict that is complicating and preventing integration. Thus, urban sociologist detect a lack of forms and situations to revive and develop an integrated urban society.The planned study relates to that diagnosis, using a conflict theoretical approach that reverses the assumption of conflicts as signs of disintegration. Conflict theoretical approaches in social theory consider conflicts as crucial for a society (Dahrendorf). In order to clarify the urgent question of how urban societies manage to deal with difference, the proposed project will direct attention to contexts of "banal transgression" (Amin). Amin considers the everyday micro-publics where people connect and coexist while unavoidably negotiating difference. In these settings of inevitable contact, participants depend on each other in a framing that is neither family- nor friendship-oriented. The proposed project is an ethnographic study of six allotment garden associations in the cities of Dortmund and Leipzig. With regard to urban social life, German allotment gardens are still quite relevant. The study addresses the everyday practices of coexistence-togetherness of its participants considering their function for banal transgression in processes of differentiation and conflict.