Administration of the sacraments and bureaucratic order. Record Keeping Practices in Parish Registers from southern Germany (16th to early 17th Centuries)

教区登记制度可以说是近代早期的一项行政创新。在宗教改革的过程中，神职人员开发了一种以书面形式记录圣礼的新形式和方法。教区的每一个人都可以而且应该以书面形式记录在受洗、结婚和葬礼的记录中。教会条例（Kirchenordnungen）所要求的最少的信息，主要是名字和日期，把实际的记录留给了当地的教区。书写的行为由当地牧师完成，并成为教会管理和教牧关怀的一部分。虽然系谱学家、人口统计学家和社会历史学家已经利用了这些资料，但他们几乎从未把教区登记册当作表格，而且对写作实践也没有真正的兴趣。本项目旨在研究教区登记册作为官僚和材料文本，并分析记录保存作为一套具体做法。这个研究项目是由两个问题引导的。(1)第一部分侧重于教区登记册作为材料文本和不同的写作实践。发展和使用了哪些记录保存形式？(2)第二个问题是关于类别和它们的交集：什么样的类别、差异和分类被发展和记录下来，以登记人们并使他们随着时间的推移而被识别？来源的语料库包括教区登记从德国南部（16世纪至17世纪初），涵盖所有主要的忏悔的时间，前改革，路德，加尔文主义和天主教。

The parish register can be considered as an early modern administrative innovation. In the course of Reformation clerical administrators developed a new form and method of recording sacraments in written form. Every person in a parish could be and should be recorded in written form by the documentation of baptisms, marriages and burials in a register. The minimal information required by the church ordinances (Kirchenordnungen), mainly names and dates, left the actual record keeping to the local parishes. The act of writing was done by the local ministers and became part of the church administration and pastoral care. While genealogists, demographers and social historians have made use of these sources, they hardly ever considered parish register as forms and there has been no real interest in the writing practices. This project aims to examine the parish registers as bureaucratic and material texts and to analyze record keeping as a set of specific practices.The research project is guided by two questions. (1) The first focuses on the parish registers as material texts and the different writing practices. Which forms of record keeping were developed and used? (2) The second question is about categories and their intersections: What kind of categories, differences and classifications were developed and recorded to register people and make them recognizable over time? The corpus of sources comprises parish registers from southern Germany (16th to early 17th centuries), covering all major confessions of the time, Pre-Reformation, Lutheran, Calvinist, and Catholic.