Optimized iron-biochar composites for degrading halogenated compounds in environmental media: synthesis strategies and reaction mechanisms

在过去的几十年里，快速的城市化和工业化导致了与卤代有机物(HOCs)相关的严重环境污染，在中国和欧洲都是如此。拟议项目的目标是获得新的见解和加深对绿色nFe0/Pd/C复合合成过程的理解，以及修复地下水中HOC的制备材料的反应。这包括使用水热碳化(HTC)方法确定具有定制和改进性能的颗粒的合成选项。从机理上深入了解活性物质的吸附、反应、传输和催化作用，包括它们之间的协同作用，将有助于有针对性的粒子优化，并探索潜在的应用领域。建议的nFe0/Pd/C复合材料应特别适用于地下水原位修复，并为现有环境科学纳米修复失败的处理案例提供改进的性能。将实现其组件的各种作用模式的协同组合，以用于污染物的多催化或顺序处理。首先，将研究在碳颗粒中加入金属的各种选择，并进行全面的物理化学表征和反应性测试。其次，对间歇体系中的反应进行了深入的机理研究，包括Pd、碳表面和Fe物种的相互作用、反应途径和涉及的反应物种。此外，还探讨了多催化和联合同时或顺序还原/氧化过程的选择。最后，开发的材料和工艺在实验室中进行了测试，使用的水来自德国和中国的受污染地点。中国与德国的合作研究将显著提升工业污染场地地下水修复研究水平，重点是中国。

The rapid urbanization and industrialization in the past decades have resulted in severe environmental pollution associated with halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in both China and Europe. The objective of the proposed project is to gain new insights and deepened understanding of the processes involved in green nFe0/Pd/C composite synthesis and reactions of the prepared materials for the remediation of HOCs in groundwater. This includes the identification of synthesis options of particles with tailored and improved properties using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method. Thorough mechanistic understanding of the involved processes sorption, reaction, transport of reactive species and catalysis including their synergies will contribute to targeted particle optimization and explore potential application areas. The suggested nFe0/Pd/C composites shall be specifically suitable for in-situ groundwater remediation and provide improved properties for treatment cases where existing environmental science nano-remediation fails. The synergistic combination of various modes of actions of its components for multi-catalysis or sequential treatment of contaminants will be achieved. Firstly, various options for incorporating metals into or onto the carbon particles will be studied, and full physico-chemical characterization and reactivity testing will be performed. Secondly, reactions are studied in batch systems for deeper mechanistic understanding including the interplay of Pd, carbon surface and Fe-species, reaction pathways and reactive species involved. Furthermore, options for multicatalysis and combined simultaneous or sequential reduction/oxidation processes are explored. Finally, the materials and processes developed are tested in the lab employing water from contaminated sites both in Germany and China. The cooperative research between China and Germany will significantly enhance the level of groundwater remediation research for industrially contaminated sites, with specific emphasis on China.