Silesian between Polish and German, between autochthonous dialects and Polish standard. Sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of a twofold linguistic hybridization

上西里西亚的波兰-西里西亚方言今天很重要，就像波兰方言连续体中的其他几个变种一样。历史上和现在，他们的特点是语言接触：首先是德语，今天是标准波兰语。作为历史上西里西亚地区的一部分，上西里西亚几个世纪以来一直是“德国”和“波兰”之间的桥梁。这种接触在这一地区的波兰本土方言中留下了语言痕迹——在“西里西亚语”中——主要是在词汇上，但也在（词法）句法上。尽管有大量印象派的描述，但在今天的西里西亚，波兰语和德语之间历史接触的这些痕迹的强度和广度，只是在经验上得到了不充分的证明。第二次世界大战后，在第一次世界大战后的东部地区，波兰标准语言在上西里西亚的语言结构中占据了主导地位。即使西里西亚语被认为是至关重要的，并且正在努力发展它，西里西亚语在整个欧洲向标准语言发展的过程中，即放弃方言和/或与标准语言的融合，在标准波兰语的影响下。上西里西亚的城市景观尤其如此，上西里西亚工业区，在那里可以期待新的城市亚种的发展，新的城市方言。然而，在本地方言和标准波兰语之间实际使用的西里西亚语尚未用现代变分方言的工具进行调查。该项目的目的是通过历史和当前的语言和方言接触来研究这种“双重杂交”的语言后果。本研究分为两个方面：1)以上西里西亚工业区家庭对话语料库为基础，对西里西亚语进行变分语言学研究；2)不同群体西里西亚语语言变异的心理语言学相关性研究。这是第一次旨在从数量和质量上收集关于西里西亚的全面数据，而不仅仅是描述“有趣的现象”。本项目的创新之处在于将社会语言学变分语言学与心理语言学相结合，因此本项目也有望为这两个领域的理论形成做出贡献。

The Polish-Silesian dialects of Upper Silesia are today vital like only few other varieties in the Polish dialectal continuum. Historically and currently, they are characterized by language contact: first with German, today with standard Polish.As part of the historical region Silesia, Upper Silesia has for centuries been a bridge between “German” and “Polish”. This contact has left linguistic traces in the autochthonous Polish dialects of this area – in “Silesian” – mainly in vocabulary, but also in (morpho-)syntax. Despite of a large number of impressionistic descriptions, the intensity and extensity of these traces of historical contact between Polish and German in today’s Silesian have been shown only inadequately empirically.After the Second World War, in its eastern regions already after the First World War, the Polish standard language assumed the dominant position in the language architecture of Upper Silesia. Even if Silesian is considered to be vital and efforts are being made to develop it, Silesian is, in the course of the general European development towards the standard languages, i.e. the abandoning of dialects and / or their convergence with the standard languages, under the influence of standard Polish. This is especially true for the urban landscape of Upper Silesia, the Upper Silesian industrial district, where the development of new urban subvarieties, new urban dialects can be expected. However, the actually used Silesian between autochthonous dialects and standard Polish has not yet been investigated with the instruments of modern, variational dialectology.The aim of the proposed project is to examine the linguistic consequences of this “double hybridization” through historical and current language and dialect contact. It is divided into two aspects: 1) a variational linguistic study of Silesian on the basis of a corpus of family conversations to be compiled in the Upper Silesian industrial district; 2) a study of the psycholinguistic correlates of linguistic variation in Silesian in different speaker groups. For the first time, a quantitatively and qualitatively comprehensive data collection on Silesian which goes beyond a description of “interesting phenomena” is aimed at. An innovative feature of the project is the combination of sociolinguistic variational linguistics and psycholinguistics, so that the project also promises to contribute to the theory formation in these both areas.