Studies on translocation of photoassimilates from leaves into fruits, and it's metabolism in horticultural plants

a.在成熟的苹果果实中，‘Fuji’和‘Senshu’的可溶性糖山梨醇比例较高，而‘Mutsu’和‘Jonathan’的可溶性糖山梨醇比例较低。但在《津加鲁》中，它因季节而有所不同。为研究转运物质，对4个品种果实茎秆的糖组成进行了分析。各品种均以山梨糖醇为主要成分，但本试验可溶性糖中山梨糖醇的含量较前人报道的低，且品种间存在差异。茎中山梨糖醇含量高于果柄。由于对苹果坐果距的管束排列进行形态学观察比较困难，对具有简单分叶性的葡萄芽茎的管束排列进行了观察。从叶柄到茎，茎基部有2 ~ 3个花束，从叶柄到茎的花束数量在顶芽中减少。从花梗到茎的花束数量少于从叶柄到叶柄的花束数量。与花束同侧的叶片的管束在茎中闭合但不相互连接。在梨果实成熟过程中，果肉硬度下降较快的品种果肉中水溶性固形物、盐酸可溶性固形物和单酸含量低于果肉硬度下降缓慢的品种。在“La France”梨果实中，5 C成熟的果肉中80%醇溶性固形物和盐酸溶性固形物含量低于15 C成熟的果肉，水溶性固形物含量的增加不高于15 C成熟的果肉，成熟过程中可溶性固形物（细胞壁物质）含量的变化可能与成熟温度对果肉质地的影响有关。

a. In ripe apple fruits, sorbitol ratio in soluble sugars was higher in 'Fuji' and 'Senshu', and lower in 'Mutsu' and 'Jonathan'. But in 'Tsugaru' it differed by seasons.b. For the investigation on the translocation substances, sugar composition of fruit stalk of 4 cultivars were analyzed. Main conponent was sorbitol in all cultivars as reported before, but the sorbitol ratio in the soluble sugars in this experiment were lower compared with the results reported before, and it was variedy with cultivars. In the stem sorbitol ratio was higher than that in fruit stalk.c. As the morphological observation on the arrangement of the buscular bundle in the apple fruit-bearing spur was very difficult, the buscular arrangement in the stem of grape shoot, which has simple phyllotaxis, was observed. From the petiole of the leaf to the stem two or three buscular bundles was found in the basal part of the shoot, and the number of the buscular bundle from petiole to the stem decreased in the apical shoot. Number of the buscular bundle from peduncle to the stem was fewer than from the petiol of the leaf on the same node with the cluster. The buscular bundle from the leaf on the same side with the cluster were closed in the stem but not conected with each other.d. In the ripening of pear fruit, in the flesh of the cultivar with rapid decrease in the flesh firmness water soluble and hydrochloric acid soluble solids and unonic acid contents were lower compared with the flesh of the cultivar with slow decrease in the flesh firmness. In 'La France' pear fruits, 80%-alcohol soluble and hydrochloric acid soluble solids in the flesh ripened at 5ﾟC was lower, and the increase of water soluble solid was not higher, than in that ripened at 15ﾟC Changes in the soluble solid (cell wall substances) contents during ripening could be concerned with the differences in the flesh texture by the ripening temperature.