Memories on Atlantic Slavery. France and Spain, the French Caribbean and Cuba Compared, in the Context of Global Debates on the Commemoration of Slave Trade and Slavery

在全球文化遗产热潮的背景下，地方、国家和全球政治的历史和身份建设与文化旅游的利益交织在一起，与历史内疚和随后的责任相关的殖民主义和奴隶制的记忆遗址是社会冲突的领域。在危机的2020年，这种紧张关系在全球“黑人的命也是命”运动中变得明显，并在推翻奴隶贩子和殖民征服者的雕像中得到了体现。在非洲人后裔国际十年（2015-2024）期间，欧洲以及非洲和美洲的前殖民地就奴隶制是否应该被记住、在哪里以及如何被记住、谁应该向谁道歉、谁应该赔偿谁等问题展开了辩论。社会讨论如何处理奴隶制的残余，哪些纪念碑应该被拆除或评论，哪些博物馆和纪念馆必须建立或改革。如果与最近的独裁政权达成协议不会干扰对殖民时代的记忆（西班牙，葡萄牙），那么关于殖民历史的争议在殖民历史较长的国家和许多来自前殖民地的移民（英国，法国，荷兰）中发挥的作用比在德国更重要。在这里，争论长期集中在如何处理纳粹历史上。在过去的几年里，德国殖民主义的遗产和德国参与大西洋奴役引起了更多的关注。在奴隶制和解放后的知识的基础上，特别是在法属加勒比岛马提尼克岛和前西班牙古巴，该研究致力于处理历史遗迹（种植园，庄园，被奴役者的住房）和在法国和西班牙，法属加勒比地区建立纪念场所（纪念馆和博物馆），重点是马提尼克岛和古巴。历史学界对英语国家的主要关注被克服了。除了对记忆地点的调查和分析外，该项目还调查了它们的社会文化背景。核心问题是，哪些主角推动了记忆地点的建立，哪些主角试图阻碍他们，谁如何使用这些地点，出于什么目的，或者忽略它们，以及为什么。这项研究使当前的权力关系，（社会和种族主义）包容和排斥在社会上的记忆或遗忘可见。在马提尼克岛和古巴的选定地点，将通过口述历史方法研究被奴役者后代的反记忆及其与记忆地点的关系。对前殖民国家法国和西班牙的首都和港口城镇以及加勒比地区的专家和活动家的采访以及当地档案馆和图书馆的文件提供了进一步的资料来源。

In the context of the global Cultural Heritage Boom, where local, national, and global politics of history and identity constructions are involved and intertwined with interests in cultural tourism, sites of memory of colonialism and slavery related with historical guilt and subsequent responsibility are a field of social conflicts. In the crisis year 2020 the tensions became visible in the global Black Lives Matter Movement and found their expression in the toppling of statues of enslavers and colonial conquerors.In the International Decade for People of African Descent (2015-2024) there is a debate in Europe and the former colonies in Africa and America, if, where and how slavery should be remembered, who should apologize to whom and who should indemnify whom. Societies discuss how to handle remnants of slavery, which monuments should be demolished or commented, which museums and memorials have to be established or reformed. If the coming to terms with recent dictatorships does not interfere with the remembrance of colonial times (Spain, Portugal), the controversies on the colonial past play a more important role in countries with a longer colonial history and many immigrants from their former colonies (England, France, Netherlands) than in Germany. Here, the disputes had concentrated for a long time on the handling of the Nazi past. In the last years the legacy of colonialism in Germany and the German involvement in Atlantic slavery attracted more attention.On the basis of the knowledge on slavery and post-emancipation, particularly on the French Caribbean island Martinique and former Spanish Cuba, the research is dedicated to the handling of historical remnants (plantations, manor houses, housing of the enslaved) and the establishment of sites of commemoration (memorials and museums) in France and Spain, the French Caribbean with focus on Martinique and Cuba. The dominant historiographical focus on the Anglophone space is overcome. Beside a survey and analysis of the sites of memory the project investigates their socio-cultural context. The central questions are which protagonists promoted the establishment of sites of memory, which protagonists tried to impede them, who uses the sites how and to which purpose, or ignore them and why. This research makes visible current power relations, (social and racist) inclusions and exclusions in the society which remembers or forgets. On selected places in Martinique and Cuba the counter-memories of descendants of the enslaved and their relation to the sites of memory shall be studied through Oral History methods. Interviews with experts and activists in the capitals and port towns of the former colonial powers France and Spain and in the Caribbean as well as documents from local archives and libraries provide further sources.