Couples' parental leave decisions and experiences: A dyadic perspective on gender-role influences II

该项目以“夫妻育儿假决定和经历：两性角色影响的二元视角”项目为基础。我们研究了母亲和父亲的角色态度对夫妻育儿假决定和日常休假经历的影响。过去的定量研究证实了个人性别角色态度和个人休假行为之间的关系，但没有采取真正的二元视角。相比之下，本研究项目在概念和方法上都将两个合作伙伴之间的相互依赖关系（即相互影响）放在首位。我们调查(a)（准）父母的育儿假决定是否以及为什么会受到伴侣态度的影响，(b)伴侣满意度和决策后悔是否取决于与伴侣角色偏好的一致或偏离。我们预计自己和伴侣的传统角色态度会预测母亲的假期较长，父亲的假期较短。传统的性别角色态度在家庭领域和工作领域对男女都是概念化的。如果一个人对共同特质很看重，那么伴侣的影响就会更大。因为女性通常在交流方面得分更高，她们可能更容易受到伴侣态度的影响。相反，代理特质则会加强一个人的性别角色态度和他/她自己的休假决定之间的联系。关于夫妻离开决定的长期后果，我们将建立男性和女性对伴侣关系满意度的模型（线性和非线性）轨迹。在这里，除了休假长度和满意度之间的直接联系外，我们还将测试调节效应，涉及性别角色态度。同样，在日常经验方面，我们将研究性别角色态度和行为如何影响短暂的伙伴关系满意度、留下遗憾以及重返工作的遗憾。特别是，我们将分析母亲把关是否会降低男性的伴侣满意度，增加休假后悔。对于休假的父亲来说，母亲的批评可能会削弱他在家带孩子的满足感。为了预测二元休假行为，使用了300对期待第一个孩子的夫妇的纵向设计。该项目包括五个测量点：一个在怀孕期间，以及四个产后测量点（分娩后3、6、12和18个月）。前三个测量点完成。此外，120对夫妇的子样本，其中母亲或父亲或双方都在休假，目前正在参加为期一周的日记阶段。在这里，我们评估了短暂的伙伴关系满意度和决策后悔作为日水平的因变量，并将它们与个人和伴侣的父母角色态度以及母亲的日常把关行为联系起来。

This project builds on the project „Couples' parental leave decisions and experiences: A dyadic perspective on gender-role influences“. We examine the impact of mothers´ and fathers´ role attitudes on couples´ parental leave decisions and everyday leave experiences. Past quantitative studies confirmed relationships between individual gender-role attitudes and individual leave behavior, but did not take a truly dyadic perspective. In contrast, this research project puts interdependencies (i.e., reciprocal influences) between the two partners to the fore, both conceptually and methodologically. We investigate (a) whether and why (expectant) mothers´ and fathers´ parental leave decisions are influenced by partner´s attitudes and (b) whether partnership satisfaction and decisional regrets depend on acting in line with or deviating from partners´ role preferences. We expect own and partners´ traditional role attitudes to predict longer leaves among mothers and shorter leaves among fathers. Traditional gender-role attitudes are conceptualized for both men and women for the family domain and for the work domain. Partner influences are assumed to be stronger if a person is high on communal traits. Because women typically score higher on communion, they might be more susceptible to influences of their partners´ attitudes. In contrast, agentic traits are expected to strengthen the association between a person´s gender-role attitudes and his/her own leave decisions. With respect to longer term consequences of couples´ leave decisions, we will model (linear and non-linear) trajectories of men´s and women´s satisfaction with partnership. Here, besides direct associations between leave length and satisfaction, we will test for moderator effects, referring to gendered role attitudes, too. Similarly, concerning everyday experiences, we will investigate how gendered role attitudes and behaviors affect momentary partnership satisfaction and leave regrets as well as return-to-work regrets. Particularly, we will analyze whether maternal gatekeeping decreases men´s partnership satisfaction and increases leave taking regrets. For a father on leave, mother´s criticism might undermine his satisfaction of being at home with the child. To predict dyadic leave taking behavior, a longitudinal design with 300 couples expecting their first child is used. The project comprises five measurement points: one during pregnancy, and four postnatal measurement occasions (3, 6, 12, and 18 months after childbirth). The first three measurement points are completed. In addition, a subsample of 120 couples in which either the mother or the father or both is/are on leave are currently participating in a one-week diary phase. Here, we assess momentary partnership satisfaction and decisional regrets as day-level dependent variables and relate them to both individual and partner´s parent-role attitudes as well as to daily maternal gatekeeping behavior.