P6: Noncanonical constituent linearisation in German across heritage speakers

P6将在一系列设置中比较研究德语中非规范线性化的状态，针对不同的年龄组，寄存器，语言界面和语言星座。作为我们的主要重点，我们将比较使用德语作为主要语言的发言者与不同的遗产语言，即土耳其语，俄语和希腊语，相互之间以及与德语的单语发言者在德国。此外，我们还将把德语与美国和纳米比亚的传统语言以及德国的多语言城市环境中的主流语言进行比较。两个实证领域，针对句法和词汇来源，将是我们调查的核心：（a）通过偏离标准德语的附加词序选项实现的非规范模式，（B）新话语标记语的句法和语篇整合及其对非规范模式的可能贡献。根据RUEG的总体方法，我们将通过三个合资企业（简称：“JV”）调查非典型线性化的状态。针对新发展的语言系统性（JVI，“语言变化假设”），我们将分析从我们的数据中出现的可能模式，并评估我们的研究结果为非正式与正式和书面与口语寄存器和不同的年龄组。为了研究新发展的语言学轨迹（JVII，“界面假设”），我们将定量和定性地比较非规范线性化中涉及的不同界面，一方面梳理句法与语义的相互作用（内部界面），另一方面梳理句法与话语和信息结构的相互作用（外部界面）。为了探讨非规范序列化的接触语言来源（JVIII，“内部动力学假说”），区分接触引起的变化，从语言内部动力学和一般的发展，我们将比较非正式与正式的情况下，不同年龄组的结果，（a）在不同的遗产语言背景的发言者和（B）与类似的数据从单语德语发言者。利用该小组提供的跨语言网络，我们将与其他项目合作，进一步评估我们的结果，对照遗产使用者使用的另一种多数语言（英语）的调查结果，以及我们调查的双语使用者使用的遗产语言（土耳其语，俄语和希腊语）。总之，我们的研究结果将有助于我们理解非规范线性化的接触语言地位，其发展的来源，其整合到遗产扬声器的多数和遗产语言语法，以及它们在更广泛的语言和寄存器的剧目的位置。

P6 will comparatively investigate the status of noncanonical linearisations in German across across a range of settings, targeting different age groups, registers, linguistic interfaces, and linguistic constellations. As our main focus, we will compare the use of German as a majority language by speakers with different heritage languages, namely Turkish, Russian, and Greek, with each other and with the German spoken by monolingual speakers in Germany. In addition, we will include comparisons to German as a heritage language in the U.S. and Namibia on the one hand, and as a majority language in multilingual urban settings in Germany on the other hand.Two empirical domains, targeting syntactic and lexical sources, will be central for our investigation: (a) noncanonical patterns realised by additional word-order options that deviate from standard German, and (b) the syntactic and textual integration of new discourse markers and its possible contribution to such noncanonical patterns. In line with RUEG’s overarching approach, we will investigate the status of noncanonical linearisa-tions through three Joint Ventures (short: “JV”). Targeting the linguistic systematicity of new devel-opments (JVI, “Language Change Hypothesis”), we will analyse possible patterns emerging from our data, and assess our findings for informal vs. formal and written vs. spoken registers and for different age groups. To study the linguistic locus of new developments (JVII, “Interface Hypothesis”), we will compare the different interfaces involved in noncanonical linearisations quantitatively and qualitatively, teasing apart the interaction of syntax with semantics on the one hand (internal interface) and with discourse and information structure on the other hand (external interface). In order to probe into the contact-linguistic source of noncanonical serialisations (JVIII, “Internal Dy-namics Hypothesis”), distinguishing contact-induced change from language-internal dynamics and general developments, we will compare findings for informal vs. formal situations and different age groups, (a) across speakers of different heritage language backgrounds and (b) with analoguous data from monolingual German speakers. Capitalising on the cross-linguistic network the group offers, we will further evaluate our results, in cooperation with other projects, against findings for another majority language (English) spoken by heritage speakers, and in the heritage language use (Turkish, Russian, and Greek) of the bilingual speakers we investigate. Taken together, our results will contribute to our understanding of the contact-linguistic status of noncanonical linearisations, the sources of their development, their inte-gration into heritage speakers’ majority and heritage language grammars, and their position in broader repertoires of languages and registers.