The Incarnation of God in the Age of Globalization. Marx's critique of economics in Enrique Dussel’s thinking and the draft of a structural format of Christology and Soteriology

大多数目前的基督论草案阐明了神的化身及其对救赎的意义的历史化和个性化方面。这些草案，如果有的话，只是勉强讨论了基督教福音与剥削和压迫的结构性现象的相关性，在这种现象下，特别是所谓的"第三世界"国家遭受痛苦。因此，系统地否定生命的背景被忽视了。《解放神学》在这一发现中认识到一个结构性问题，根据这个问题，古典神学没有足够的范畴来批判贫困和压迫。这就是为什么古典神学无法以任何令人信服的形式来表达信仰对救赎的承诺。在这一点上，马克思对阿根廷-墨西哥解放哲学家恩里克·杜塞尔的创新接受为神学领域开辟了新的视角。他运用马克思的"活劳动"范畴，分析了从资本的角度一贯否定的穷人的现实。在马克思之外，杜塞尔试图在方法论上建立一个积极的，神圣的共同体草案，其圣经的参考点是耶稣对上帝王国的宣告。他对圣经救赎应许的富有成效的处理能够为系统神学开创一条新的途径，从结构上开启了上帝道成肉身的救赎学意义，从而补充了个人主义的途径。到目前为止，杜塞尔的作品主要是在哲学伦理方面进行讨论的。该研究项目的目的是，一方面，探讨杜塞尔的马克思，这是在大多数情况下，只有在西班牙出版物的接收。另一方面，该项目旨在从这个出发点系统地、神学地阐述杜塞尔的解放哲学的意义。特别是，杜塞尔的“社区”，其中要求生命权，特别是穷人的全面类别，是要取得丰硕的发展的基督论和救世论的结构格式。在这里，人性化形成了一个创新的重新定义上帝的道成肉身的救赎的普遍意义的范畴框架。这种重新定义使神学能够以适当的方式从根本上与现实世界联系起来。因此，我们有可能以一种批判性地参照现实的方式，将基督论和救赎论的考虑具体化，并使之变得合理。这种结构性的方法，是对经典基督论和救赎论的补充，一方面，能够实现对非人性机制的充分认识和感知，并阐述其真正的神学意义。另一方面，这种新的形式特别适合说明基督教神学对当今全球化世界的主要问题的相关性。

Most current Christological drafts articulate historicizing and individualizing aspects of the Incarnation of God and its significance for salvation. These drafts, if at all, only marginally discuss the relevance of the Christian gospel for the structural phenomena of exploitation and oppression, under which especially the countries of the so-called “Third World” suffer. Thus, contexts which systemically negate life are disregarded. The Theology of Liberation recognizes a structural problem in this finding, according to which the classical theology has no adequate categories for the criticism of poverty and oppression. That is why classical theology cannot express faith’s promise of salvation in any convincing form.At this point, the innovative Marx reception of the Argentinian-Mexican liberation philosopher Enrique Dussel opens new perspectives for the field of theology. Using Marx’s category of “living labour”, he analyses the reality of the poor, which is consistently negated from the point of view of capital. Beyond Marx, Dussel tries to methodologically establish the critique of capitalism in a positive, divinely ordained draft of community whose biblical point of reference is Jesus’ proclamation of the Kingdom of God. His productive handling of the biblical promise of salvation is able to initiate a new approach for systematic theology, which structurally opens up the soteriological significance of God’s incarnation and thus complements the individualistic approaches.So far, Dussel’s oeuvre has mainly been discussed with regard to philosophical-ethical aspects. The aim of the research project is, on the one hand, to explore Dussel’s reception of Marx, which is for the most part only available in Spanish publications. On the other hand, the project aims to systematically and theologically elaborate on the significance of Dussel’s philosophy of liberation from this starting point. In particular, Dussel’s comprehensive category of “community”, which claims the right to life especially for the poor, is to be made fruitful for the development of a structural format of Christology and Soteriology. Here humanization forms the categorial framework for an innovative redefinition of the universal meaning of the salvation of God’s incarnation. This redefinition enables theology to fundamentally relate to the actual world in an adequate manner. Thus, it becomes possible to concretize and make the Christological and Soteriological considerations plausible in a way that critically refers to reality.Such a structural approach, which is complementary to classical Christology und Soteriology, is, on the one hand, able to achieve an adequate awareness and perception of mechanisms of inhumanity and to elaborate on their genuinely theological significance. On the other hand, this new format is especially appropriate to illustrate the relevance of Christian theology for the major questions of today’s globalized world.