Fair Wages in European Legal History

法律史领域的这个项目关注的是到目前为止被低估但至关重要的公平工资问题。在方法论层面上，该项目寻求一种新的方法，使用司法历史，而不是法律历史。研究对象是对工资及其哲学和经济合法性的法律反思。分析的时间跨度从中世纪晚期，经院学派结合了关于公平工资的各种道德和神学论点，到19世纪关于公平工资的英国立法，以及大约在1970年之后标准雇佣关系解散后的具体法律问题。对某些工资的正当性的论证应加以分析。在此，重点不仅在于狭义的法律论证，还在于哲学和经济考量，提供了具体的规范性来源，需要在法律历史的背景下加以看待，并与司法文献、立法或法院判决等法律历史来源相联系。为了实现这一目标，必须将两名主要研究人员和DFG研究资助申请者的研究经验结合在一起。这应该有助于为一个关于欧洲公平工资的全面法律历史的联合项目的年轻研究人员创造新的机会。为了收集有关工资的历史资料，我们遵循两个相互关联的主要策略。一种办法侧重于某些专业部门，因为特定环境中的社会地位和劳动条件可以作为支付标准的相关来源。另一种方法是根据学术或科学领域的论述收集资料，如天主教运动、19世纪的社会主义运动等，这也可以根据政治先入为主的概念或法律传统来确定对工资的反思。这两种方法的结合有助于全面和深入地分析横向和纵向工作报酬的各种规范性条件。该项目分为两个博士项目，一个是关于德国不公平工资的司法冲突，另一个是关于儿童和妇女收入的正当理由和法律规范，特别是关于已婚妇女及其丈夫在德国和法国的遗产主张的冲突。作为各种研究协同作用的结果，我们旨在制定不同时代和社会和政治环境下的公正工资标准的类型学。一份关于公平工资的论据目录将在一个国际总结会议上提出。该项目产生的出版物不仅可以加强法律历史研究的现状，而且还可以加深对关于劳动法和劳资关系法的实际政治辩论的了解。

This project in the field of Legal History focusses on the so far underestimated but crucial problem of just wages. On a methodological level the project seeks a new approach by using history of justice, instead as legal history. Object of research is the legal reflection on wages and their philosophical and economic legitimacy. The period of analysis covers a time span from the late middle ages, where scholasticism combined various moral and theological arguments on just wages, to English legislation on fair wages in the 19th century and the specific legal problems following the dissolution of standard employment relationships approximately after 1970. Arguments for the justification of certain wages shall be analyzed. The focus hereby does not only lie on legal arguments in a narrow sense, but also on philosophical and economic considerations, providing specific sources of normativity, which need to be seen in contexts of legal history and linked to sources of legal history such as juridical literature, legislation or court decisions. In order to meet this objective, the research experience of two principal investigators and applicants for the DFG-research support must be brought together. This should help to create new chances for young researches in a joint project on the comprehensive legal history of just wages in Europe. For the gathering of historical sources about wages we follow two main strategies, which are linked to one another. One approach focusses on certain professional branches, since social status and labour conditions in specific environments can be relevant as sources of normativity for payment. Another approach collects sources following academic or scientific fields of discourse, such as catholic movements, socialist movements in the 19th century etc., which again can determine the reflections on wages according to political preconceptions or legal traditions. A link of both approaches facilitates a comprehensive and profound analysis of the various normative conditions of remuneration for work on a horizontal and vertical level. The project is divided in single work packages containing two PhD-projects, one on judicial conflicts about unfair wages in Germany, another about the justification and legal regulation of income of children and women, with particular regard to married women and the conflicts with patrimonial claims of their husbands in Germany and France. As effect of the synergies of the various studies we aim at the development of a typology of criteria for just wages in different epochs and social and political environments. A catalogue of arguments for just wages is to be presented on an international concluding conference. The publications deriving from the project can not only enhance the current state of research in legal history but also the understanding of actual political debates on the law of labour and industrial relations.