Exception or Exemption? The Broome Pearling Industry and the ›White Australia Policy‹

研究项目“例外或豁免？布鲁姆珍珠业与白色澳大利亚政策”是对20世纪世纪之交澳大利亚种族主义的历史社会学分析。他说，种族主义是纲领性的，它将澳大利亚的宪法定义为一个国家，旨在维护澳大利亚的“白人”。相比之下，西北部的布鲁姆镇过去和现在都被认为是一个例外，本项目将评估这种看法是否正确，并将查明应负责任的情况。因此，它对种族主义歧视的过程提供了新的和重要的见解。这不仅适用于“白”的结构及其在澳大利亚语境中的表现形式。它首先涉及种族主义作为一种社会关系的概念，这种关系是由偏见决定的，但更重要的是由所涉人员，即犯罪者和受害者的代理机会决定的。此外，该研究项目填补了关于白色澳大利亚历史的研究空白。为此，该项目审查布鲁姆和澳大利亚其他地区之间的文化，社会和政治相互关系。为此，它将珍珠业“白化”的（不成功的）尝试与昆士兰州制糖业成功转型生产白色糖的尝试进行了比较。与此同时，该项目审查了这两个部门之间的相互关系。这将在全球范围内进行（这表明这一点，尤其是因为国际上西方对所谓的有色危险的警告受到澳大利亚的决定性影响）。过程分析讨论了跨国包容和种族主义排斥的机制，阐明了布鲁姆的特殊地位，根据“白色澳大利亚”的实施，并面对更广泛的背景下，全球“白”危机引发的“黄祸”和日本的“种族平等”的愿望。网络分析提供了宝贵的见解，当地的压力集团，冲突的形式，在布鲁姆和他们的原籍国的国际团体之间的散居互联网的个人利益。话语分析使访问和评估政府报告，地方以及国家的政治辩论，和公共话语。三个主要群体的主要来源（议会材料，报纸和其他出版物）的三角测量补充了从二级文献中获得的信息，并详细分析了在其他“白色澳大利亚”中形成和持续存在独特的“有色飞地”的过程。在这样做的过程中，该项目也有助于解决抵制和打击种族主义的问题。

The research project "Exception or Exemption? The Broome Pearling Industry and the White Australia Policy" will be a historico-sociological analysis of Australian racism at the turn of the 20th century. Said racism was programmatic, defined the constitution of the country as a nation and aimed at the safeguarding of Australia’s ›whiteness‹. By contrast, the north-western town of Broome often was and still is considered an exceptional case.This project will assess whether this perception holds true and will identify the responsible circumstances. Therewith it provides new and crucial insights into processes of racist discrimination. This applies not only to the construction of ›whiteness‹ and its manifestations in the Australian context. It concerns above all the concept of racism as a social relation, which is determined by prejudice but even more so by the opportunities for agency on the part of those involved, that is offenders as well as victims. Moreover, the research project closes a research gap regarding the history of ›white Australia‹. For this, the project vets cultural, social and political interrelations between Broome and the rest of Australia. To this end, it collates the (unsuccessful) attempt of ›whitening‹ the pearling industry with the successful transformation of the Queensland sugar industry into producing ›white sugar‹. At the same time, the project examines the interrelations between both sectors. This will be contextualized globally (which suggests itself not least because international Western ›warnings‹ against an alleged ›coloured peril‹ were decisively influenced by Australia).The research project employs supplementary research methods. Process analysis discusses mechanisms of transnational inclusion and racist exclusion, illuminates Broome’s special status in light of the implementation of "white Australia", and confronts it with the wider context of a global crisis of "whiteness" triggered by the "yellow peril" and Japan’s aspiration for "racial equality". Network analysis provides valuable insights into local pressure groups, conflicts in the form of intrapersonal interests, and diasporic interconnections between international groups in Broome and their countries of origin. Discourse analysis makes accessible and evaluates governmental reports, local as well as national political debates, and public discourse. The triangulation of the three main groups of primary sources (parliamentary material, newspapers, and other published material) complements the information gained from the secondary literature and seminally analyses the processes that contributed to the forming and persistence of a unique ›coloured enclave‹ in an otherwise "white Australia". In doing so, the project also contributes to questions of both the resistance and the fight against racism.